Hieronymus Bosch Bindu reMafaro ePanyika. 5 inonakidza puzzles yemufananidzo

Bosch's "Garden of Earthly Delights" ndiyo inoshamisa kwazvo pendi yeMiddle Ages. Iyo yakazara nezviratidzo zvisinganzwisisike kumunhu wemazuva ano. Ko idzi shiri hombe nemabriji, zvikara nemhuka dzinoyevedza zvinorevei? Vaviri vane usimbe vakahwanda papi? Uye rudzii rwezvinyorwa zvakapendwa pambongoro yemutadzi?

Tsvaga mhinduro muzvinyorwa:

Bosch's Bindu rePasi rinofadza. Chii chinorehwa nemufananidzo wakanakisa weMiddle Ages.

"7 yezvakavanzika zvisingaite zvemufananidzo" Bindu rePanyika Zvinofadza "naBosch."

Pamusoro 5 zvakavanzika zveBosch's Bindu rePanyika Zvinofadza.

saiti "Diary yekupenda. Pamufananidzo wega wega pane nyaya, magumo, chakavanzika. "

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Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights (1510) ndeimwe yemifananidzo yakaoma kwazvo yati yaitwa. Haawanzosiya chero munhu asina hanya.

Asi sezvo rakasikwa makore 500 apfuura, zvarinoreva hazvina kujeka kwatiri. Mushure mezvose, maonero enyika yemazuva ano akasiyana zvikuru nevekare, akavakirwa pachitendero chechokwadi. Nokudaro, "rebus" yaBosch inogona kugadziriswa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu epanguva yake.

Izvi ndizvo zvandichaedza kuita nekupindura mibvunzo ye5 yemufananidzo.

1. Nei mutadzi ari muGehena akafanana naEvha muParadhiso?

Ndakaona kuti mukadzi mumwechete anowanikwa pamapapiro ese matatu e triptych. Evha muParadhiso akafanana chaizvo nemukadzi ari muBindu reMufaro uye nemumwe wevatadzi muGehena.

Bosch aive munhu wechitendero, saka zvinogoneka kuti akasarudza kuratidza "nzira kubva kudenga kuenda kugehena" yemutadzi wekutanga paPasi.

Sezvatinoziva muBhaibheri, Evha akadya apuro romuti wakarambidzwa kuti aite saMwari, achiziva zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Haana kuteerera Musiki wake, achitera kuchivi chokutanga chomunhu—kudada.

Eva akapfidza, asi nguva yakanga yapera. Kudzingwa muParadhiso kwakanga kusingadzivisiki. Mwari akaraira Evha naAdamu kuti vararame hupenyu hwavo hwepanyika uye vaende kuGehena, kwavanonopedza makore anopfuura 5000 XNUMX Kuuya kusati kwasvika.

MuBindu Remafaro, Evha haatori rutivi mune zviri kuitika. Akatsikitsira achizvininipisa achipfidza chivi chake. Akapfeka ruva rinoonekera mumusoro make. Zvichida ichi chiratidzo chekudzivirira uye kusada kutaura chero chinhu, sezvinofanira munhu anozvininipisa.

Asi chirango hachidzivisiki, uye Evha anoguma ave kuGehena. Apa anorangwa nokudada kwake. Naizvozvo, iye achafanirwa kutarisa kufungisisa kwake kwenguva yakareba kwazvo kuti kuzvininipisa kwake kurege kupera. Ane toad pachipfuva chake, icho muMiddle Ages chaivewo chiratidzo che swagger uye zvisina musoro zvisina maturo.

MuGehena, Evha anogona kunge ane huso hwakazvininipisa uye kunyange kudzikama. Pamusoro pazvo, kusiyana nevamwe, aiziva kuti aizosvika pano.

2. Vanhu rudzii vari mubindu reMafaro vakagara mugomba?

Mukona yezasi yekurudyi yeBindu Rezvinofadza (chikamu chepakati chetriptych) tinoona vanhu vatatu vakatarisa kunze kwegomba. Miviri yavo inoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwebvudzi. Ndivanaani?

Sezviri pachena, ava vanhu vomusango. Vanhu vemusango vakaratidzwa vasina kupfeka, vane muviri wakafukidzwa nebvudzi, kunze kwechiso nemutsipa, maoko, tsoka, mabvi uye mazamu muvakadzi.

Musoro wevanhu vomusango waifarirwa zvikuru muMiddle Ages. Mifananidzo yavo inowanzowanikwa pamatepi uye ndiro dzeMiddle Ages.

Kuvanhuwo zvavo, vakanga vari vanhu vane utsinye, vakasununguka zvikuru maererano norudo noupenyu zvakazara. Hazvishamisi kuti Bosch akavaratidza mumufananidzo wakatsaurirwa kuchivi chekuzvipira. Mushure mezvose, ivo vaive chiratidzo chekuda uye mafaro emuviri.

Nenzira, murume wemusango anoratidzwa mumufananidzo weBosch akafanana chaizvo neanotyisa kubva kudiki raJean Bourdichon (1457-1521), mufananidzo wemapisalter uye maawa ezana remakore rechi15-16.

Ndinogona kufunga kuti dhizaini yaBourdichon yakagadzirwa pamberi pe "Garden of Earthly Delights" uye yakatorwa naBosch sehwaro hwekunyora vanhu vake vemusango.

3. Sei mhuka dzeBosch, se "hodgepodge", dzinosanganisira zvikamu zvezvisikwa zvakasiyana-siyana?

Bosch Gehena rizere nezvikara. Chii chakakosha dhimoni rakakosha nechiso chemunhu, muviri wezai usina mhango nemakumbo emuti. Zvikara zvidiki hazvisi zvishoma zvinoshamisa, senge, semuenzaniso, chisikwa chine musoro weshiri, mapapiro eshavishavi uye mitezo ine zvigunwe zvitatu (pamakumbo-miti yedhimoni-zai).

Yakanga iri chirevo kune vakararama panguva yaBosch kuti vanhu vese vakasikwa mumufananidzo uye akafanana naMwari. Uye chinhu chose chine chitarisiko chinotyisa uye chakashata mwana waDhiyabhorosi.

Naizvozvo, kuti asimbise chimiro chedhiabhori chechisikwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, akafananidzirwa seakaenzana-musoro sezvinobvira. Uye izvi zvakawanikwa nekubatanidza miswe yehove kune hares, uye kune shiri - hozhwa panzvimbo yemusoro.

Kana iwe ukazarura chero bhuku reMiddle Ages, pamapeji aro uchawana zvisikwa zvakawanda zvinoshamisa-vagadziri.

Heino mienzaniso mishomanana chete:

Panguva yeBosch, pane kazhinji mifananidzo yakawanda yezvikara uye zvisikwa zvinotyisa. Ndakasangana nekadiki kubva kubhuku rekuona rekare, rakagadzirwa Bosch asati azvarwa.

Pairi tinoona Gehena, rizere nemadhimoni. Zvizhinji zvacho zviri muchimiro chazvo – madhimoni ane nyanga nemiswe. Nekudaro, pakati pavo pane chikara chiri mumweya weBosch.

Kuruboshwe tinoona dhimoni richibaya mutadzi nekatatu. Inoita senhunzi isina mapapiro, ine nyanga imwe chete nemuromo weshiri.

Zvichida yaive mifananidzo iyi yakafuridzira Bosch kugadzira yake "Gehena".

Verenga nezve madhimoni anonyanya kufadza eBosch kubva muBindu rePanyika Zvinofadza mune chinyorwa "Zvikara zvakakosha zvemufananidzo."

4. Chii chiri mucherechedzo uri pamapanga makuru muGehena?

MuGehena reBosch, tinoona mapanga akati wandei. Panguva yemufananidzo, mapanga aisashandiswa kwete mukicheni chete, asiwo kuranga mbavha. Vakagura nzeve dzavo. Naizvozvo, hazvishamise kuti mapanga aripo muGehena ane nzeve hombe dzekutanga.

Asi rudzii rwechiratidzo muchimiro chebhii “M” kana vara “B” riri pamapanga aya?

Muzana ramakore rechi 15 nerechi 16, mapanga akagadzirwa mutaundi rokumusha kwemutambi weHertongenbosch, akatengeswawo kunze kweHolland. Saka, dzakatumirwa kuSpain neScandinavia. Mapadza aya aive akaiswa mucherechedzo.

Nokudaro, ndinogona kufunga kuti inowanzova tsamba "B", setsamba yekutanga yezita rakapfupiswa reguta. Ichi chiratidzo pabanga chinowanikwawo mune mamwe mabasa naBosch, somuenzaniso, mumufananidzo "Kutonga Kwekupedzisira".

5. Chakavanzika chikuru chemufananidzo weBosch: nei iine ruzivo rwakawanda?

Chero ani akaona mapendi aBosch anoshamiswa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hunowanda mubasa rake. Dzakawanda zvekuti dzungu chete.

Bosch aive muimbi wenguva yake uye nekuzvarwa akakundwa nepesvedzero yake. Uye munguva yake yaive tsika yekudhirowa zvese.

Zvakakwana kuvhura chero bhuku kubva panguva yeBosch kuti uve nechokwadi chekutonga kweiyi chimiro chemufananidzo kuburikidza nekudhirowa kwezvinhu zvakawanda.

Heano mapeji maviri chete kubva kumaawa aAnne weBrittany.

Mifananidzo yeMiddle Ages yakangove yakaitwa kune diki diki. Tine chokwadi neizvi nekuongorora basa raJan van Eyck naRobert Kampen. Ndakanyora nezve pendi yekupedzisira "Saint Barbara" mune zvakadzama muchinyorwa "7 mifananidzo yePrado Museum inofanirwa kuona".

Basa raBosch rakanga risiri rinoshamisa uye rakajairwa kune venguva yake. Uye vamwe vanyori venguva yake vakashandisa nhamba huru yezvinyorwa, zviratidzo uye zvisikwa zvisingazivikanwi mumabasa avo.

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti Bosch akatora zvakawanda kubva kune venguva yake uye akazviendesa kumifananidzo yake, munhu anofanira kubhadhara mutero kuhunyanzvi hwake. Kunyange zvakadaro, nditenzi asingaenzaniswi mukufananidzira nezvirahwe, kunyange zvenguva yake.

Nezve pendi yaBosch "Garden of Earthly Delights" verengawo chinyorwa:

 “7 Zvakavanzika Zvinoshamisa zveBindu Rezvinofadza Zvepasi”

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