Mifananidzo yeRevhitan. 5 hunyanzvi hwemuimbi-detembi

Zvinonzi Isaac Levitan akanga ari melancholic. Uye mifananidzo yake inoratidza kushushikana uye kumhanyisa mweya wemuimbi. Saka munhu angatsanangura sei huwandu hwakakura hwemifananidzo yakapendwa natenzi?

Uye kunyangwe tikatora mifananidzo midiki yaRevhitan, anokwanisa sei kuramba tichifunga? Pashure pezvose, havana chinhu! Kunze kwezvimwe miti mishoma mitete nemvura ine denga pazvikamu zvitatu zvecanvas.

Vanotaurawo kuti Levitan akasika zvinyorwa, zvinyorwa zvenhetembo. Asi zvinorevei? Uye kazhinji, nei nzvimbo dzake dzisingakanganwiki? Ingori miti, huswa chete...

Nhasi tiri kutaura pamusoro Revhitan, pamusoro pechiitiko chake. Pamuenzaniso wezvishanu zvehunyanzvi hwake hwakatanhamara.

Birch Grove. 1885-1889

Mwaranzi yezhizha yezhizha inosanganiswa zvakanaka negirinhi, ichigadzira kapeti yeyero-chena-yegirinhi.

Nzvimbo isina kujairika yeRussia artists. Zvakanyanya kujairika. Real impressionism. Kupenya kwezuva kwakawanda. Air flutter illusion. 

Ngatienzanise pendi yake neKuindzhi's Birch Grove. 

PaKuindzhi tinoona nzvimbo yakaderera. Mabhichi acho akakura zvekuti haakwane pamufananidzo. Wherein mutsara unokunda - zvese zvese zvakajeka. Uye kunyange izvo zvakakosha pamabirches zvinotsanangurwa zvakanaka.

Naizvozvo, fungidziro yakajairika yehukuru, hukuru hwehunhu hunogadzirwa.

Muna Revhitani, tinoona nzvimbo yakakwirira, kusavapo kwedenga. Mutsara wekudhirowa haunyanyi kutaurwa. Chiedza chiri mumufananidzo wake chinonzwa chakasununguka, chichiisa pasi nezvakawanda zvinonyanya kukosha pauswa nemiti. 

Panguva imwecheteyo, muiti wacho "anocheka" mabhishi ane furemu. Asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero. Kutarisa kuri pasi peuswa. Nokudaro, miti yacho haina kukwana zvakakwana.

Chaizvoizvo, Levitan ane imwe yepasi-ku-pasi maonero enzvimbo. Naizvozvo, chimiro chake chinotaridzika mazuva ese. Anoda kunakidzwa zuva nezuva. Iko hakuna runyararo rweKuindzhi mairi. Zvinongounza mufaro wakapfava.

Izvi zvechokwadi zvakafanana nemamiriro eFrance Impressionists, ayo airatidza kunaka kwezuva nezuva.

Asi pasinei nokufanana, mune mumwe muRevhi akanga akasiyana zvikuru navo.

Zvinoita sekuti akapenda mufananidzo nekukurumidza, setsika yevaImpressionists. Kwema 30-60 maminetsi, apo zuva riri kutamba nesimba uye huru mumashizha.

Kutaura zvazviri, munyori akanyora basa kwenguva refu. Makore mana! Akatanga basa muna 1885, munzvimbo yeIstra neJerusarema Idzva. Uye akapedza kudzidza muna 1889, atova muPlyos, mune birch grove kunze kweguta.

Uye zvinoshamisa kuti mufananidzo wacho, wakapendwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana nekuzorora kwenguva refu, hauna kurasikirwa nekunzwa kwe "pano uye ikozvino" nguva.

Hungu, Revhitan aiva nendangariro dzinoshamisa. Aigona kudzokera kuzviitiko zvaakanga atorarama uye airatidzika kuva anozvidzokorora nesimba rimwe chetero. Uye ipapo kubva pamwoyo akagoverana nesu pfungwa idzi.

Gold autumn. 1889

Autumn Levitan yakapenya ruvara rwakanyanya. Uyezve, makore akajeka zvakanaka. Asi zvishoma - uye mhepo ichakurumidza kubvisa mashizha uye chando chekutanga chemvura chichawa.

Hongu, muimbi akakwanisa kutora matsutso pamusoro pekunaka kwayo.

Asi chii chimwe chinoita kuti mufananidzo uyu weRevhi usayeuke?

Ngatizvienzanise nebasa raPolenov pamusoro pemusoro wekuvhuvhuta.

MuPolenov, tinoona mamwe halftones mumatsutso mashizha. Revhitan's color chord ndeye monotonous. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha - inopenya.

Mukuwedzera, Polenov inoisa chidimbu chepende. Revhitan, kune rumwe rutivi, anoshandisa zvakanyanya pasty sitiroko munzvimbo, izvo zvinoita kuti ruvara ruwedzere kuzara.

Uye pano tasvika kune chakavanzika chikuru chemufananidzo. Ruvara rwakajeka, runodziya rwemashizha, rwakasimudzirwa nekufukidzwa kwependi yakakora, inopesana neblues inotonhora zvikuru yerwizi nedenga.

Ichi chinopesana chakasimba kwazvo, icho Polenov asina.

Ndiko kutaura kwematsutso uku kunotikwezva. Levitan akaita seanotiratidza mweya wekuvhuvhuta, kudziya uye kutonhora panguva imwe chete.

Kurume. 1895

Denga rakajeka risina makore. Uye pasi payo haisi chando chakachena, kunyanya kupenya kwezuva pamapuranga ari pedyo nevharanda, nzvimbo isina chinhu yemugwagwa.

Ehe, Revhitan akakwanisa kuburitsa zvese zviratidzo zvekuchinja kuri pedyo kwemwaka. Zvichiri chando, asi zvakapindirana nechirimo.

Ngatienzanise "March" nemufananidzo waKonstantin Korovin "Muchando". Pamazaya echando, bhiza rine huni, imba. Asi vakasiyana sei!

Iyo ocher uye yebhuruu mimvuri yeRevhitan inoita kuti mufananidzo uve mukuru. Korovin ine grey yakawanda. Uye chete mumvuri wemasitadhi wehuni unounza kumwe rumutsiriro.

Korovin anotova nebhiza dema. Hongu, uye muromo wakabviswa kwatiri. Uye zvino tatonzwa kutevedzana kusingagumi kwemazuva echando anotonhora echando. Uye isu tinonzwa mufaro wekusvika kwechirimo paRevhitan zvakanyanya.

Asi kwete izvi chete zvinoita kuti mufananidzo "March" riyeukwe.

Ndapota cherechedza: it deserted. Zvisinei, vanhu varipo vasingaoneki. Mumwe munhu achangosiya bhiza rine huni pamusuwo hafu yeminiti yapfuura, akavhura musuwo, asi haana kumbovhara. Zviri pachena kuti haana kuenda kwenguva refu.

Levitan akanga asingadi kunyora vanhu. Asi anenge nguva dzose airatidza kuvapo kwavo pane imwe nzvimbo pedyo. Mu "March" kunyange mupfungwa chaiyo. Tinoona matsimba ebhiza akananga musango.

Hazvisi zvakangoitika kuti Levitan anoshandisa nzira yakadaro. Kunyange mudzidzisi wake Alexei Savrasov akasimbirira kuti zvakakosha sei kusiya chiratidzo chemunhu mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu. Chete ipapo mufananidzo unova mupenyu uye wakawanda-layered.

Nechikonzero chimwe chete chiri nyore: igwa riri pedyo nemahombekombe, imba iri kure, kana imba yeshiri iri mumuti zvinhu zvinotanga kushamwaridzana. Ipapo iyo nyika inotanga "kutaura" nezve fragility yehupenyu, kunyaradza kwemba, kusurukirwa kana kubatana nemasikirwo. 

Wakamboona here zviratidzo zvekuvapo kwemunhu mumufananidzo wapfuura - "Golden Autumn"?

Pachamupupuri. 1892

Izvi zvisati zvaitika, takatarisa newe nzvimbo dzakakura dzeRevhitan. Asi aivewo nevazhinji vadiki. Kusanganisira mufananidzo "Pamhepo".

Tichifunga nezvenzvimbo iyi yeRevhitan, zviri nyore kunzwa kusuruvara, kusuruvara uye kunyange kutya. Uye ichi ndicho chinhu chinoshamisa zvikuru. Mushure mezvose, mumufananidzo, chaizvoizvo, hapana chinoitika! Hakuna vanhu. Kwete iyo goblin yakawanda ine mermaids.

Chii chinoita kuti nzvimbo yacho ishamise kudaro?

Hongu, mufananidzo wacho une ruvara rwakasviba: denga rakasviba uye sango rakasviba. Asi izvi zvese zvinowedzerwa nekuumbwa kwakakosha.

Nzira inotorwa, iyo, sokunge zvakadaro, inokoka muoni kuti afambe nayo. Uye zvino wave kutofamba mupfungwa uchitevedza bhodhi rinozunguzika, wozotevera matanda anotsvedza kubva muunyoro, asi hapana kutuka! Iwe unogona kudonha, asi zvakadzika: dziva rakafanana.

Asi kana ukapfuura, ipapo mugwagwa unoenda kusango gobvu, rakasviba. 

Ngatienzanise "Padziva" nemufananidzo "Forest Distances". Izvi zvichatibatsira kunzwa kunetseka kwese kwemufananidzo uri mubvunzo.

Zvinoita sekuti nzira yacho inotikwezvawo kupinda musango uye pamufananidzo uri kuruboshwe. Asi panguva imwe chete tinozvitarisa kubva kumusoro. Tinonzwa mutsa wesango iri richitamba-tamba pasi pedenga rakakwirira. 

Sango riri mumufananidzo "Padziva" rakasiyana zvachose. Anoita seakuda kukunyudza kwete kurega. Zvose mune zvose, kunetseka ...

Uye pano chimwe chakavanzika cheRevhiti chinoratidzwa, icho chinobatsira kuita kuti nyika ive nhetembo. Mufananidzo "Padziva" unopindura mubvunzo uyu nyore.

Kuzvidya mwoyo kunogona kufananidzirwa pahuma, nerubatsiro rwemunhu akaora mwoyo. Asi zvakafanana neprose. Asi nhetembo ichataura nezvekusuwa nemazano uye kusikwa kwemifananidzo isiri-yakajairwa.

Saka mufananidzo weRevhitan chete nemazano akakosha anoratidzwa mune zvakadzama zvenzvimbo inotungamira kune iyi isingafadzi yekunzwa.

Spring. Mvura huru. 1897

Nzvimbo yemufananidzo "Spring. Mvura Yakakura" inocheka nemitsetse yemiti yakaonda uye maratidziro ayo mumvura. Rudzi rwacho rinenge monochrome, uye ruzivo rwakanyanya.

Pasinei neizvi, mufananidzo wacho ndewe nhetembo uye manzwiro.

Pano tinoona kukwanisa kutaura chinhu chikuru mumashoko mashomanana, kutamba basa guru patambo mbiri, kuratidza kunaka kwehushoma hwechiRussia nerubatsiro rwemavara maviri.

Vatenzi vane tarenda chete ndivo vanogona kuita izvi. Ndizvo zvaiitawo Revhitani. Akadzidza pasi Savrasov. Akanga ari wekutanga muRussia pendi akanga asingatyi kuratidza hushoma hwechiRussia.

Saka chii chakavanzika chekukwezva kweRevhitan "Spring"?

Zvose ndezvekupikisa. Miti mitete, yakaonda kwazvo - inopesana nezvinhu zvakadai semvura ine simba yerwizi. Uye zvino kune kunzwa kunopfuurira kwefunganyo. Mukuwedzera, kumashure, mvura yakazadza mashedhi akawanda.

Asi panguva imwecheteyo, rwizi rwakadzikama uye rimwe zuva ruchadzokera zvakadaro, chiitiko ichi chinotenderera uye chinofanotaura. Kuzvidya mwoyo hazvina musoro.

Izvi, hongu, hausi iwo mufaro wakachena weBirch Grove. Asi kwete kuzvidya mwoyo kwese kwemufananidzo "Padziva". Zvakafanana nemutambo wemazuva ose wehupenyu. Apo mutsara mutema zvechokwadi unotsiviwa nemuchena.

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Kupfupisa nezveRevhitan

Revhitan akanga asiri mutarisiri. Hongu, uye akashanda pamifananidzo kwenguva yakareba. Asi akazvidira akashandisa mamwe emifananidzo maitiro eiyo nzira, semuenzaniso, yakakura pasty sitiroko.

Revhitan aigara achida kuratidza chimwe chinhu kunze kwehukama pakati pechiedza nemumvuri. Akagadzira nhetembo dzemifananidzo.

Kune mashoma ekunze maitiro mumifananidzo yake, asi kune mweya. Nemazano akasiyana-siyana, anomutsa kushamwaridzana muoni uye anokurudzira kufungisisa.

Uye Revhitani akanga asiri munhu akaora mwoyo. Mushure mezvose, akawana sei mabasa makuru akadai se "Birch Grove" kana "Golden Autumn"?

Akanga ane hanya zvikuru uye ane ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana rwemanzwiro. Naizvozvo, aigona kufara zvisingadzoreki uye kusuruvara nokusingaperi.

Manzwiro aya akabvarura mwoyo wake - aisakwanisa kugara nawo nguva dzose. Uye hazvina kugara. Mutambi haana kurarama kuti aone zuva rekuzvarwa kwake makumi mana masvondo mashoma ...

Asi haana kungosiya nzvimbo dzakanaka chete. Chiratidzo chemweya wake. Aiwa, chaizvoizvo, mweya yedu.

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