Oath yeHoratii: chii chakasiyana chehunyanzvi hwaJacques-Louis David

David akange asina mukana weKUTI ave nemukurumbira. Akasika basa rakazunungusa nyika yeunyanzvi.

Muna 1784, makore mashanu pamberi peChimurenga cheFrance, akagadzira Horatii Oath. Akainyorera Mambo Louis XVI. Asi akazova chiratidzo chekusatya kwevapanduki.

Chii chinoita kuti ave akasiyana nevamwe? Uye nei mufananidzo wakavakirwa panhau yevaRoma, avo vakararama muzana ramakore rechinomwe BC, wakafadza zvikuru vanhu vomunguva yaDhavhidhi? Uye chinonyanya kukosha, nei pasi pano ichifadza mwoyo yedu newe?

Chirongwa chemufananidzo "The Oath of the Horatii"

Sezvinowanzoitika nemifananidzo yakadaro, zvakawanda zvinova pachena mushure mekufunda chirongwa.

David akatora sehwaro nyaya yemunyori wenhoroondo wekare weRoma Titus Livius.

Kamwe, 25 mazana emakore zvisati zvaitika, maguta maviri akakwikwidza: Roma neAlba Longa. Kugara vachirwisana kwakavanetesa. Uye panguva imwe chete, vose vaivawo nemuvengi wekunze - vatorwa.

Naizvozvo, vatongi vemaguta vakasarudza kunyaradza kuzvikudza kwavo ndokusvika pakubvumirana. Rega kurwa kwevarwi vakanaka vatonge gakava ravo renguva refu. Uye anokunda ndiye ane murwi anopona pakurwa.

Hama nhatu dzemhuri yekwaHoratii dzakasarudzwa kubva kuRoma. Kubva kuAlba Longa, hama nhatu dzemhuri yeCuriatii. Uyezve, mhuri dzakabatanidzwa nezvisungo zvemhuri. Uye mukoma nemunin'ina mumwe kune mumwe.

Uye saka Dhavhidhi akaratidza kuti vakoma vaHorace vanopika sei kuna baba vavo kukunda kana kufa. Uyezve, ichi chiitiko hachisi munhoroondo yaTitus Livius.

Zvisinei, ichi ndicho chiitiko chakatangwa naDhavhidhi pachake chinoratidza zvakarurama maonero enyika evaRoma vekare. Basa kune Motherland rakakosha kudarika basa kumhuri. Basa romukadzi nderokuteerera, uye murume anofanira kurwa. Basa reMurwi rakakosha kupfuura basa reMurume naBaba.

Zvakanga zvakadaro. Vakadzi vekare veRoma vakanga vasina kodzero yekupindira muhurongwa uhwu hwezvinhu. Uye mumufananidzo waDhavhidhi izvi zvinonyatsoratidzwa.

Magamba varume. Nyama dzavo dzese dzakasimba. Vakamira vakagadzirira kurwa. Mhiko yavo yekuponesa Roma inonzwika zvikuru. Uye hazvina basa kwavari kuti vana vavo vachasiyiwa vasina madzibaba, vakadzi vasina varume, vabereki vasina vanakomana vavo.

Chero zvazvingava, mhuri ichatambura kurasikirwa, kurasikirwa kwakakomba. Uye hapana akagadzirira kuita chero chinhu. Basa kuRoma rakakosha zvakanyanya.

Tinoona vakadzi vatatu vasina simba uye vanotambura vanonzwisisa izvi. Asi hapana chavanogona kuita...

Mai vehama vanombundira vazukuru vavo. Ava ndivo vana veumwe wevarwi vakamira. Mudzimai wake anogara pedyo nesu. Uye ihanzvadzi yemumwe wehama ... the Curiatii.

Naizvozvo, tiri kutaura nezvekuparadzwa kuri kuuya kwemhuri mbiri, uye kwete imwe. Mukadzi uyu anenge aine mukoma kana murume. Zvingangodaro zvose zviri zviviri.

Pakati tinoona Camilla, hanzvadzi yehama dzaHoratii. Akavimbiswa kuroorwa nemumwe wehama dzeCuriatii. Uye kuchema kwake hakuna magumo. Iyewo acharasikirwa nechikomba chake kana vakoma vake. Kana kuti pamwe munhu wese.

Asi usafunga kuti hama dzaHorace dzakagadzirira kurwisana, nokuti ndiro basa uye munhu haagoni kusateerera baba. Uye mukati-kati vabvamburwa nokukahadzika. Vanochemawo pamusoro pekuparadzana kunobvira kusingaperi kubva kuna amai vavo, mudzimai, hanzvadzi. Baba vavo vanovakumbira kuti vapike, uye iye amene anofunga, kuti: “Nei ndichishaiwa izvozvi zvose? Vana vangu ava."

Aihwa. Nhamo ndeyokuti hazviiti. Mushure mezvose, tinoziva kuenderera kwenyaya iyi. Chii chichaitika kuvanhu ava zvakare, mushure memhiko iyi ...

Hondo ichaitika. Mumwe chete wevaHoratii achapona. Roma inofara: akakunda.

Mhare inodzokera kumba. Uye anoona kuti hanzvadzi yake Camilla ari kuchema mudiwa wake akafa, akafa kubva kumhuri yeCuriatian. Hongu, akatadza kuzvidzora misodzi yake. Aimuda. Kwaari, inokosha kupfuura Roma.

Munin'ina wake akapindwa nekutsamwa: angaite sei kuisa rudo kune murume kupfuura rudo rweRoma! Uye akauraya hanzvadzi yake.

Warrior akasarudza kutonga. Asi baba vake, vane mwanasikana ainzi Camilla, vakataura vachimudzivirira! Anokumbira dare kuti riregerere Horace, sezvaakaisa basa kuna Motherland pamusoro pekuda hanzvadzi yake. Uye akanga akarurama kumuuraya...

Hongu, nguva dzakasiyana, tsika dzakasiyana. Asi ipapo tichaona kuti tine chimwe chinhu chakafanana navo. Zvichakadaro, ndinofunga kuti ndione kuti Davidi akatora kurudziro kubva kwaari uye kuti basa rake rakasiyana neripi.

Ndiani akafuridzira Jacques Louis David

David akasiyanisa simba rechirume uye mweya wekurwa nekupfava kwechikadzi uye rudo kumhuri.

Musiyano wakasimba uyu unowanikwa mukuumbwa chaiko kwemufananidzo.

Murume "hafu" yemufananidzo yose yakavakwa pamitsetse yakarurama uye makona akapinza. Varume vakatambanudzwa, minondo yakasimudzwa, makumbo akaparadzana. Kunyange maonero akananga, anobaya nzvimbo.

Uye mukadzi "hafu" inoyerera uye yakatsetseka. Vakadzi vanogara, vakatsenhama, maoko avo akanyorwa mumitsara yewavy. Ivo vakaderera nekuona uye, sokunge zvakadaro, munzvimbo yepasi.

Tinoonawo mavara. Zvipfeko zvevarume zvine mavara akajeka, vakadzi vanopera.

Panguva imwecheteyo, nzvimbo yakatenderedza ndeye ascetic uye ... masculine. Floor tiles uye arches ane akaomesesa Doric makoramu. David, sokunge zvakadaro, anosimbisa kuti nyika ino iri pasi pekuda kwechirume. Uye pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kushaya simba kwevakadzi kunotonyanya kunzwika. 

Kekutanga, Titian akatanga kushandisa mhedzisiro yekuratidza zvinopesana mumabasa ake. 2,5 mazana emakore David asati.

Mudzidzisi weRenaissance akashandisa kunyanya kusiyanisa pakati pezvakanaka uye zvakashata mumifananidzo yake neDanae akanaka uye musikana anonyangadza.

Ehe, hazvina kuita pasina pesvedzero yaPoussin, akagadzira chimiro chekare muzana ramakore rechi 1,5, mazana emakore XNUMX pamberi paDavidi.

Tinogona kutosangana nevarwi veRoma pamwe chete naye, avo vakafuridzira Davidi zvakajeka nemaitiro avo ekugadzira "Oath of the Horatii" (mukona yezasi kuruboshwe).

Nokudaro, chimiro chaDavid chinonzi neoclassicism. Mushure mezvose, anovaka mifananidzo yake pane inoyevedza nhaka yePoussin uye maonero enyika ekare.

Chiprofita chaDhavhidhi

Saka Dhavhidhi akaenderera mberi nebasa raPoussin. Asi pakati Poussin naDavid vakarara gomba rakadzikadzika - nguva yeRococo. Uye aive akasiyana zvachose neoclassicism.

"Oath of the Horatii" yakazova mvura pakati penyika mbiri: murume nemukadzi. Nyika yerudo, varaidzo, kuve nyore uye nyika yeropa, kutsiva, hondo.

David ndiye akatanga kunzwa shanduko iri kuuya yenguva. Uye akaisa vakadzi vanyoro munyika isina kugadzikana, yakasimba yevarume.

Izvi ndizvo zvaive pakupenda pamberi pe "Oath of the Horatii". Iya chete mitsara yakakwenenzverwa uye yewavy: kutamba uye kuseka, kupenga uye nyaya dzerudo.

Uye izvi ndizvo zvakaitika mushure: kumukira, rufu, kutengesa, kuponda. 

Dhavhidhi akafanotaura zvinhu zvaizouya. Pachava nehondo uye pachava nevachakuvadzwa. Akaratidza izvi pamuenzaniso wemhuri mbiri: vaHoratii nevaCuriatii. Uye makore mashanu mushure mekupenda kwemufananidzo uyu, dambudziko rakadaro rakasvika kune inenge mhuri dzose. Chimurenga cheFrance chatanga.

Chokwadi, vanhu vomunguva imwe cheteyo vakashamiswa. David akagadzira sei basa rakadaro manheru eChimurenga? Vaimuona somuprofita. Uye mufananidzo wake wava chiratidzo chekurwira rusununguko.

Kunyangwe pakutanga David akazvinyora kuti aodhare Louis XVI. Asi izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuvhotera kuurayiwa kwemutengi wake.

Hongu, tenzi akanga ari kudivi rechimurenga. Asi izvozvo hazvina basa. Mufananidzo wake uporofita husingagumi. Hazvina mhosva kuti tinoedza zvakadini, nhoroondo inotenderera. Uye takatarisana nesarudzo zvakare uye zvakare.

Hungu, nyika yedu zvino yava kuziva ukoshi hwemhuri. Asi mushure mezvose, munguva pfupi yapfuura takasangana nekutyisa kwesarudzo. Kana baba vachipikisana nemwanakomana, uye mukoma achipikisana nemukoma. 

Nokudaro, mufananidzo unofadza mwoyo yedu. Tichiri kuyeuka migumisiro yechisarudzo chakaipa. Kunyangwe maererano nenyaya dzemadzitateguru edu. Naizvozvo, nhoroondo yemhuri yekwaHoratii inotibata. Kunyange zvazvo vanhu ava vakararama mazana 27 emakore apfuura.

***

Comments vamwe vaverengi ona pazasi. Vanowanzova kuwedzera kwakanaka kune chinyorwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kugovera maonero ako nezve pendi uye muimbi, pamwe nekubvunza munyori mubvunzo.