Pieter Brueghel Mudiki (Infernal). Copyist kana muimbi mukuru?
Zviri Mukati:
Pieter Brueghel Mudiki (1564-1637/1638), kana Bruegel the Gehena, akakurudzira kugadzirwa kweNetherlandish pendi nenzira yakakosha.
Hongu, vagadziri vezvitsva ndivo vekutanga kuramba vari munhoroondo yehunyanzvi. Ndiko kuti, avo vanogadzira maitiro matsva nemaitiro. Avo vanoshanda nenzira isina munhu akamboshanda pamberi pavo. Uye vatsva vakadaro vakashanda panguva imwe chete naBrueghel Muduku. Uyu ndiRembrandt, uye Caravaggio, uye Velasquez.
Brueghel Mudiki haana kudaro. Nokudaro, yakakanganwika kwemazana emakore akawanda. Asi pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kuziva kwakangoerekana kwauya kuti kukosha kweiyi muimbi kwakasiyana zvachose ...
Muchinyorwa ini ndichaedza kuwana mhinduro yekuti Pieter Brueghel Mudiki aive ani. Ingori mukopi kana achiri tenzi mukuru?
Zvisina kujairika kuva muimbi
Pieter Brueghel Muduku aiva nemakore 5 okuberekwa apo baba vake vakafa. Naizvozvo, haana kudzidza natenzi mukuru. Uye kuna ambuya vake, vamwene vaPieter Brueghel Mukuru, Maria Verhulst Bessemers. Hongu, aivewo muimbi, izvo zvisingadavirike. Ndizvo zvinoita rombo rakanaka Peter.
Chidimu chekopi yebhuku rababa vake "Mharidzo yaSt. John" inoratidza Pieter Brueghel Mukuru (murume ane ndebvu kumucheto), amai vake (mukadzi akapfeka nguo tsvuku nemaoko akayambuka pachipfuva chake) uye ambuya (a. mukadzi ane grey).
Akavachembera sokunge kuti vaiva vapenyu panguva yakanyorwa kopi yacho. Mushure mezvose, pamavambo ababa vavo, vachiri vaduku ... Zvakava zvinobaya mwoyo.
Asi Maria Bessemers haana kungodzidzisa mukomana nzira yekupenda, asi akamupa chimwe chinhu chinokosha zvikuru. Tracing-patterns yababa! Nekuzvibatanidza kubhodhi, zvaive zvichikwanisika kukopa mhinduro yekuumbwa uye maumbirwo ese ezviro uye zvinhu. Waive mugodhi wegoridhe! Uye ndosaka.
Pieter Brueghel Mukuru akafa achiri muduku, akanga asati ava nemakore 45 okuberekwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, akava nemukurumbira munguva yehupenyu hwake. Mirairo yakapinda mukati. Nokudaro, akatanga kugadzira mapepa okuronda, kuitira kuti gare gare muwekishopu iye navabetseri vake vagogona kukopa mabasa ainyanyodiwa. Asi akafa. Uye kudiwa kwebasa rake kwakaramba kuripo.
Vamwe shasha vakaedza kushanda nemaitiro ake. Kleve mumwe chete. Asi akanga asina mapatani. Aingokwanisa kuona chepakutanga kaviri (mumba memuridzi wemufananidzo) obva anyora chimwe chinhu chakafanana zvichienderana nevavariro.
Semuenzaniso, aya ndiwo masikirwo aakaita The Return of the Herd.
Pane chimwe chinhu chakafanana, munoona. Asi haisi kopi chaiyo. Cleve anosuwa ukuru hwehunhu hwaBrueghel. Hongu, uye mifananidzo yevafudzi inowedzerwa.
Ndapota cherechedza kuti ruoko rwake rwakanyorwa zvishoma kudarika zvakakodzera. Zvinoita kunge zviri kukura kubva munzeve dzako. Bruegel munyaya iyi akasika mabasa ari nani maererano nezvokwadi.
Asi mwanakomana watenzi Pieter Brueghel Muduku anokura uye anova tenzi. Anogamuchirwa musangano raSande Ruka. Izvi zvinoitika mugore rimwechete iro Kleve anofa.
Haasi chete mukomana anowana mapepa ekutsvaga, asiwo mutevedzeri mukuru wababa vake anofa. Uye kuchine kudiwa. Akatora mukana ndokutanga kutevedzera basa rababa vake.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pebasa rababa nemwanakomana
Asi pano ndiyo inonyanya kufadza. Tichienzanisa basa romwanakomana nababa, tinoona kuti vachiri vakasiyana.
Uye musiyano mukuru uri muvara. Nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero, ruvara rwemwanakomana haruwanzopindirani nerababa vake. Ndinofunga unogona kutofungidzira kuti sei.
Izvo zvese nezve maslips. Mwanakomana aive nadzo, asi aisagara aine mukana wekuona yekutanga nemeso ake. Uye kunyange kana paiva nemukana wakadaro, zvakaoma kuyeuka zvose zvese panguva imwe chete. Mufananidzo wacho ungadai wakatorwa nevaunganidzi kubva kune rimwe guta. Uye ndakangoona yepakutanga kamwe chete. Uye hazvisizvo nguva dzose.
Ziva zvakare kuti mwanakomana anoita kuti dhirowa rive nyore, semhedzisiro, chifananidzo chacho chinotyisa uye chiri pedyo nekudhindwa kwakakurumbira.
Zvimedu izvi zvinoratidza kuti baba vanonyanya kuona zvinhu sezvazviri, uye mwanakomana anonyanya kuronga.
Zvakanaka, ndaifanira kushanda nekukurumidza. Kuita makopi kwaida kubatanidzwa kwevabatsiri vaiva nounyanzvi hushoma. Uye kazhinji, basa rakadaro rinenge rekufambisa harina kusanganisira kudzidza nezvese ruzivo.
Mukuwedzera, mifananidzo iyi yakatengeswa kwete kune aristocracy, asi kune vanhu vepasi. Uye Pieter Brueghel Mudiki akatsvaga kuenzanisa zvavanoda. Uye vaifarira maitiro ari nyore kudaro. Nhamba uye zviso zviri nyore, izvo zvakare zvinonyatsooneka mukuenzanisa.
Asi zvakadaro, Pieter Brueghel Mudiki akanga ari tenzi akanaka kwazvo, sezvinoratidzwa nebasa iri.
Yainge yakanyorwawo netracing paper yababa asi yainge yakagadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro. Chiso chechokwadi chemufudzi, maererano nechiyero chemanzwiro evarombo. Uye zvakare nzvimbo yakanyatsokodzera chiitiko chinosiririsa chine miti isingawanzo uye pasi rinopiswa nezuva.
Basa racho rakanaka kwazvo mukuuraya zvekuti kwenguva yakareba zvakanzi ndezvababa. Asi zvakadaro, kuongororwa kwezera rebhodhi kwakaratidza kuti yakagadzirwa gare gare nemwanakomana watenzi achishandisa pepa rekutsvaga template.
Nei zvimwe mwanakomana achinje mifananidzo yababa vake
Kune mabasa ayo, sezvavanotaura, anogadzirwa mukopi yekabhoni. Pasinei nehuwandu hwavo hukuru. Saka, yakakurumbira Brueghel kuti "Shiri Musungo" Peter Brueghel uye musangano wake akakopwa kanopfuura kazana.
Kuti unzwisise chiyero: angangoita matatu makopi akadaro akachengetwa muRussia. Mumusangano wega wega weValeria naVladimir Mauergauz, muPushkin Museum muMoscow uye muHermitage muSt. Zvingangodaro, kune makopi akadaro mune mamwe maunganidzwa epachivande.
Ini handisi kuzovaratidza ese, sezvo akafanana zvakanyanya. Uye kuenzanisa hakuna musoro. Izvi ndizvo zvakaitika apo mutengi akakumbira "zvakangofanana" uye Petro haana kutsauka kubva patemplate inenge nhanho imwe chete.
Pamusoro, takaongorora kuti sei mabviro nemakopi asina kuenderana nemavara.
Asi dzimwe nguva Brueghel Muduku akachinja kuumbwa kwababa vake. Uye akazviita achiziva. Tarisa mifananidzo yavo miviri.
Pana baba, Kristu ane muchinjikwa akarasika mumhomho. Uye kana usati wamboona pikicha iyi, zvino zvinokutorera imwe nguva kuti uwane mutambi mukuru. Mwanakomana, kune rumwe rutivi, anoita kuti mufananidzo waKristu uve mukuru uye anouisa pamberi. Unogona kuzviona pakarepo.
Nei mwanakomana akachinja manyorero zvakanyanya asina kushandisa bepa rekuronda rakapera? Zvakare, zviri kune zvinonaka zvevatengi.
Pieter Brueghel Mukuru akaisa imwe huzivi, achiratidza protagonist nenzira diki. Pamusoro pazvo, kwatiri isu, kuroverwa kwaKristu ndicho chiitiko chinokosha uye chinosuwisa zvikuru muBhaibheri. Tinonzwisisa kuti akaita zvakawanda sei kuponesa vanhu.
Asi vanhu vomunguva yaKristu vaisambonzwisisa izvi, kunze kweboka duku raiva pedyo noMwanakomana waMwari. Vanhu vakanga vasinei kuti ndiani akanga achiendeswa ikoko kuGorogota. Kunze kwezvitarisiko. Chiitiko ichi chakarasika mumirwi yekushushikana kwavo nekufunga kwavo kwezuva nezuva.
Asi Pieter Brueghel Muduku haana kunyanya kuomesa chirongwa. Vatengi vaingoda "Nzira yekuKarivhari." Pasina multi-layered zvinoreva.
Akarerutsawo pfungwa yababa vake yeMabasa Manomwe eTsitsi.
Mufananidzo wacho wakagadzirwa maererano nemutsara kubva muEvhangeri yaMateo. Inoti vakamupa zvokudya, vakamumwisa, vakamupfekedza, vakaenda kumurwere, vakamushanyira ari mutorongo, sokugamuchirwa kwomufambi. MuMiddle Ages, chimwe chiito chetsitsi chakawedzerwa kumashoko ake - kuvigwa maererano nemitemo yechiKristu.
Pazvinyorwa naPieter Brueghel Mukuru, hationi mabasa manomwe chete akanaka, asiwo mufananidzo wetsitsi - musikana ari pakati ane shiri pamusoro wake.
Uye mwanakomana haana kutanga kumufananidzira uye akashandura chiitiko ichi kuita chinenge chiitiko chemhando. Kunyangwe tichiri kuona mabasa ese etsitsi pairi.
KWETE nhaka yababa
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Pieter Brueghel weGehena akasika replicas kwete chete yababa vake. Uye pano ini ndichatsanangura chikonzero nei akanzi Infernal.
Mushure mezvose, akaedza kushanda nenzira yeBosch, achigadzira zvisikwa zvinoshamisa. Naizvozvo, akatumidzwa zita remadunhurirwa rekuti Infernal, nekuda kwemabasa ekutanga aya.
Asi ipapo kudiwa kweBoschian fantasies kwakapera: vanhu vaida mamwe marudzi emhando. Uye muimbi akachinja kwavari. Asi zita remadunhurirwa radzika midzi zvekuti rasvika panguva yedu.
Uye maFrench aidawo mhando dzemhando. Uye nekuwedzera kutaurwa satirical kutanga. Yaibva kubasa rechiFrench iro muimbi akaita mufananidzo we "The Village Lawyer".
Iwe unoona, kunyange karenda yemadziro yakaramba iri muFrench. Uye heino kunyomba, kuseka basa remagweta emitero ...
Yakanga iri mhando yemhando yakakurumbira, saka mugadziri nemusangano wake vakagadzira akati wandei.
zvirevo zvechiDutch
Kupi pasina zvirevo zveDutch! Iwe unogona kunge uchiziva inoshamisa pendi yaPieter Brueghel Mukuru pane iyi nyaya. Ndanyora nezvake pano chinyorwa.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX, musoro wacho hauna kurasikirwa nekukosha kwayo. Nekudaro, yaive yatove muchimiro chekuturika ndiro dzekushongedza pamadziro, pane imwe kana chimwe chirevo chaitaurwa nemeso.
Kuruboshwe, Brueghel anoratidza kuti “havasimudzi zvibhakera pashure pokurwa” uye kuti hapasisina chinangwa chokuviga tsime, sezvo mhuru yatofa mariri.
Asi kurudyi, huviri hwevamwe vanhu hunoratidzwa, pavanotaura chinhu chimwe mumunhu, asi funga chimwe chinhu chakasiyana zvachose. Sokunge vanotakura zvese mvura nemoto panguva imwe chete.
Pieter Brueghel Mudiki muRussia
Pakati pezana remakore rechiXNUMX, kufarira muBruegel kwakatanga kupera. Uye yakatangazve pakutanga kwezana remakore rechiXNUMX chete! Asi mitengo yebasa ravo maererano neizvi yakakwira. Hapana kana Pieter Brueghel Mukuru akawanikwa kuti aunganidze Hermitage uye Pushkin Museum. Asi paiva nemabasa akawanda emwanakomana wake mukuru.
Mabasa matatu anochengetwa muPushkin Museum. Kusanganisira Spring. Shanda mubindu.
MuHermitage - 9 inoshanda. Imwe yeanonyanya kufadza - "Fair with a theatre performance" - yakawanikwa kubva kumuunganidzi chete muna 1939, chete pamhepo yekufarira patsva mune iyi muimbi.
Kazhinji, kwete basa rakawanda, munoona.
Asi gaka iri rinozadzwa nevaunganidzi vega. Akawanda semabasa gumi nemapfumbamwe naPieter Brueghel Mudiki ndeaValeria naKonstantin Mauergauz. Kubva pakuunganidza kwavo, kwandakaona pakuratidzira muNew Jerusalem Museum (Istra, Moscow Region), ndakagadzira chinyorwa ichi.
mhedziso
Pieter Brueghel Muduku haana kumbovanza kuti akakopa basa rababa vake. Uye aigara achisaina nezita rake pachake. Kureva kuti aive akatendeseka zvakanyanya pamusika. Haana kuedza kutengesa mufananidzo wacho zvine pundutso nokuupfuudza sebasa rababa vake. Yakanga iri nzira yake, asi chaizvoizvo akasimbisa nheyo yakateyiwa nababa vake.
Uye nekuda kwaBrueghel Mudiki, tinoziva nezveaya mabasa etenzi mukuru akarasika. Uye chete kuburikidza nemakopi emwanakomana tinogona kuwana mufananidzo wakakwana webasa rababa.
PIS. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti Pieter Brueghel Mukuru aiva nemumwe mwanakomana ainzi Jan. Aingova negore chete pakafa baba vake. Uye sezvakaita mukoma wake Peter, haana kumbodzidza kubva kuna baba vake. Jan Brueghel Mukuru (Velvet kana Floral) akazovewo muimbi, asi akaenda neimwe nzira.
Mune chimwe chinyorwa chiduku, ndinongotaura nezvazvo. Kana wapedza kuiverenga, hauchavhiringi hama. Uye zviri nani kunzwisisa iyo yakakurumbira mhuri yeBrueghel yevanyori.
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Kana maitiro angu ekuratidzira ari padyo newe uye iwe uchifarira kudzidza kupenda, ndinogona kukutumira iwe yemahara kutenderera kwezvidzidzo netsamba. Kuti uite izvi, zadza fomu iri nyore pane iyi link.
Comments vamwe vaverengi ona pazasi. Vanowanzova kuwedzera kwakanaka kune chinyorwa. Iwe unogona zvakare kugovera maonero ako nezve pendi uye muimbi, pamwe nekubvunza munyori mubvunzo.
Online Art Makosi
Chirungu vERSION
Links kune reproductions:
Anthony van Dyck. Mufananidzo waPieter Brueghel Mudiki:
https://hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/02.+drawings/242152
Pieter Brueghel Mudiki. Zvakanaka nemitambo yemitambo:
https://hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.+paintings/38928
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