Paul Gauguin. Shasha isina kumirira mbiri

Paul Gauguin anogona kushorwa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakawanda - kutengeswa kwemudzimai wepamutemo, mafungiro asina hanya nevana, kugarisana nevana vaduku, kumhura, udyire hwakanyanya.

Asi izvi zvinorevei kana zvichienzaniswa netarenda guru iro raakapiwa neramangwana?

Gauguin ndeyekupokana, kusawirirana kusingagadzirike uye hupenyu, sedhirama rekushanya. Uye Gauguin izere reunyanzvi hwepasirese uye mazana emifananidzo. Uye hutsva hutsva hutsva huchiri kushamisa uye hunofadza.

Upenyu hwakajairika

Paul Gauguin akaberekwa musi waChikumi 7, 1848 mumhuri yakasarudzika. Amai veramangwana muimbi aiva mwanasikana wemunyori akakurumbira. Baba mutori wenhau wezvematongerwo enyika.

Pa23, Gauguin anowana basa rakanaka. Anove mutengesi wemasheya akabudirira. Asi manheru uye pakupera kwevhiki anopenda.

Pamakore makumi maviri nemashanu, anoroora Dutch Mette Sophie Gad. Asi kubatana kwavo haisi nyaya yerudo rukuru uye nzvimbo yekuremekedzwa kwemuseti we tenzi mukuru. Kuna Gauguin akanzwa rudo rwechokwadi chete kune unyanzvi. Izvo mudzimai haana kugovera.

Kana Gauguin airatidza mudzimai wake, zvakanga zvisingawanzoitiki uye zviri pachena. Semuenzaniso, pakatarisana nemashure emadziro egrey-brown, akafuratira muoni.

Zvisinei, vakaroorana vachabereka vana vashanu, uye, zvichida, kunze kwavo, hapana chichabatanidza ivo nokukurumidza. Mette aiona makirasi emurume wake ekupenda sekutambisa nguva. Akaroorwa nebrosha yakapfuma. Uye ndaida kurarama upenyu hwomutambarakede.

Naizvozvo, chisarudzo chakaitwa nomurume wake kurega basa ndokupinda bedzi mukupenda nokuda kweMette chakanga chiri chirango chakakomba. Kubatana kwavo, chokwadika, hakungamiri pamuedzo wakadaro.

Kutanga kweArt

Makore gumi ekutanga emuchato waPaul naMette akapfuura chinyararire uye pasina njodzi. Gauguin aingova muenzi mukupenda. Uye akapenda chete munguva yake yekusununguka kubva kune stock exchange.

Kupfuura zvose, Gauguin akanyengedzwa impressionists. Heino rimwe remabasa aGauguin, akapendwa neakajairika Impressionist light reflections uye kona yakanaka yekumaruwa.

Gauguin anoshingairira kutaurirana nevanyori vakatanhamara venguva yake saCezanne, Pissarro, Degas.

Simba ravo rinonzwika mumabasa ekutanga aGauguin. Somuenzaniso, mufananidzo "Suzanne Sewing".

Musikana ari mushishi nebasa rake, uye tinoita setiri kumusora. Zvakanyanya mumweya waDegas.

Gauguin haatsvage kuishongedza. Akatsikitsira, izvo zvakaita kuti chimiro chake uye dumbu rive risingafadzi. Ganda "rine utsinye" rinoendeswa kwete chete mu beige uye pink, asiwo mubhuruu uye girini. Uye izvi zviri mumweya weCezanne.

Uye kumwe runyararo nerunyararo zvinotorwa zvakajeka kubva kuPissarro.

1883, apo Gauguin anosvitsa makore makumi matatu nemashanu, inova shanduko munhoroondo yake. Akasiya basa rake pamusika wemasheya, aine chivimbo chokuti aizokurumidza kuva akakurumbira somupendi.

Asi tariro yacho yakanga isina kururama. Mari yainge yaunganidzwa yakabva yapera. Mukadzi Mette, asingadi kurarama muurombo, anosiya vabereki vake, achitora vana. Izvi zvaireva kuparara kwemubatanidzwa wemhuri yavo.

Gauguin muBrittany

Zhizha 1886 Gauguin anogara muBrittany kuchamhembe kweFrance.

Yaiva pano iyo Gauguin akagadzira yake pachake maitiro. Izvo zvichachinja zvishoma. Uye izvo zvaanozivikanwa nazvo.

Kureruka kwekudhirowa, kuganhurana necaricature. Nzvimbo dzakakura dzemavara akafanana. Mavara akajeka, kunyanya yakawanda yero, bhuruu, tsvuku. Zvirongwa zvemavara zvisingagoneki, apo pasi raigona kutsvuka uye miti yebhuruu. Uye zvakare zvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika.

Tinoona izvi zvose mune imwe yemabasa makuru eGauguin weBreton nguva - "Chiratidzo mushure memharidzo kana kurwisana kwaJakobho neMutumwa."

Iyo chaiyo inosangana neyakanakisa. Vakadzi veBreton vakapfeka zvivharo zvichena vanoona chiitiko kubva muBhuku raGenesi. Jakobho anoita mutsimba nengirozi.

Mumwe ari kuona (kusanganisira mombe), mumwe ari kunamata. Uye izvi zvese zvichipesana nekumashure kwepasi dzvuku. Sokunge zviri kuitika munzvimbo dzinopisa, dzakazara nemavara akajeka. Rimwe zuva Gauguin achaenda kunzvimbo dzinopisa chaidzo. Imhaka yokuti mavara ayo akakodzera zvikuru ikoko here?

Imwe nyanzvi yakasikwa muBrittany - "Yellow Christ". Uyu ndiwo mufananidzo uri kumashure kune yake yekuzvimiririra (pakutanga kwechinyorwa).

Nechekare kubva pamifananidzo iyi, yakagadzirwa muBrittany, munhu anogona kuona musiyano mukuru pakati peGauguin neImpressionists. MaImpressionists airatidza manzwiro avo ekuona pasina kuunza chero chirevo chakavanzika.

Asi kuna Gauguin, fananidzo yaive yakakosha. Ndosaka achinzi ndiye muvambi wekufananidzira mukupenda.

Ona kuti maBreton akadzikama uye asina hanya sei akagara akatenderedza Kristu akarovererwa. Saka Gauguin anoratidza kuti chibayiro chaKristu chave chakakanganwika. Uye chitendero nokuda kwavazhinji changova gadziriro yetsika dzinosungirwa.

Neiko munyori wemifananidzo akazvifananidza neshure pemufananidzo wake naKristu yeyero? Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vatendi vazhinji vakanga vasingamudi. Tichifunga nezve "maitiro" akadaro sekumhura. Gauguin akazviona semunhu akabatwa nezvinodiwa neruzhinji, izvo zvisingagamuchiri basa rake. Kunyatso enzanisa kutambura kwavo nekupondwa kwaKristu.

Uye ruzhinji rwakamuomera chaizvo kumunzwisisa. MuBrittany, meya wetaundi duku akapa mufananidzo womudzimai wake. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo "Beautiful Angela" akaberekwa.

Angela chaiye akavhunduka. Haana kana kumbofungidzira kuti angave "akanaka". Meso akamanikana enguruve. Mhino yakazvimba. Maoko makuru ane bhonzo.

Uye pedyo nayo pane imwe exotic figurine. Zvakaonekwa nemusikana separody yemurume wake. Pamusoro pazvo, aive mupfupi pane kureba kwake. Zvinoshamisa kuti vatengi havana kubvarura canvas kuita zvidimbu nehasha.

Gauguin muArles

Zviri pachena kuti nyaya ye "Angela Akanaka" haina kuwedzera vatengi kuGauguin. Hurombo hunomumanikidza kubvumirana nechikumbiro ichi Van Gogh  nezvekushanda pamwe chete. Akaenda kunomuona kuArles, kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Tichitarisira kuti upenyu pamwe chete huchava nyore.

Pano vanonyora vanhu vakafanana, nzvimbo dzakafanana. Senge, semuenzaniso, Madame Gidoux, muridzi wekofi yemuno. Kunyange zvazvo maitiro akasiyana. Ndinofunga unogona kufungidzira zviri nyore (kana usati wamboona mifananidzo iyi) pane ruoko rwaGauguin, uye aripi Van Gogh.

Ruzivo nezve pendi pakupera kwechinyorwa *

Asi akashata, anozvivimba Paul uye anotya, anokurumidza kutsamwa Vincent aisakwanisa kuwirirana pasi pedenga rimwechete. Uye kamwe, mukupisa kwekupopotedzana, Van Gogh akapotsa auraya Gauguin.

Hushamwari hwakanga hwapera. Uye Van Gogh, achitambudzwa nekuzvidemba, akagura nzeve yake.

Gauguin munzvimbo dzinopisa

Mukutanga kwema1890, nyanzvi yakabatwa nepfungwa itsva - kuronga musangano munzvimbo dzinopisa. Akasarudza kugara muTahiti.

Upenyu pazvitsuwa hwakanga husina kunaka sezvazvaiita kuna Gauguin pakutanga. Vanhu veko vakamugamuchira zvisingaite, uye pakanga paine "tsika isina kubatwa" yakasara - vapambi vaive vaunza budiriro munzvimbo idzi dzesango.

Vagari vemo vaisawanzobvuma kumiririra Gauguin. Uye kana vakauya kuimba yake, vaizvigadzira nenzira yokuEurope.

Muhupenyu hwake hwose muFrench Polynesia, Gauguin aizotsvaka tsika "yakachena" yechizvarwa, achigadzirisa kure sezvinobvira kubva kumataundi nemisha yakashongedzerwa nevaFrench.

outlandish art

Pasina mubvunzo, Gauguin akavhura aesthetics itsva mukupenda kune veEurope. Nechikepe chimwe nechimwe, akatumira mifananidzo yake ku "mainland".

Makanivhasi airatidza vakashama vane ganda dema muboka rekare akamutsa kufarira kukuru pakati pevateereri vekuEurope.

Gauguin akanyatsodzidza tsika dzeko, tsika, ngano. Saka, mumufananidzo "Kurasikirwa kweMhandara", Gauguin anofananidzira tsika yepamberi yemuchato yevaTahiti.

Muroora manheru emuchato akabiwa neshamwari dzechikomba. "Vakamubatsira" kuita musikana mukadzi. Ndiko kuti, husiku hwekutanga hwemuchato hwaive hwavo.

Chokwadi, tsika iyi yakanga yatobviswa nemamishinari panguva yakasvika Gauguin. Nyanzvi yakadzidza nezvake kubva munyaya dzevagari vemo.

Gauguin aifarirawo uzivi. Iyi ndiyo nzira yake yakakurumbira mufananidzo "Takabva kupi? Tiri vanaani? Tiri kuenda kupi?".

Hupenyu hwepachivande hwaGauguin munzvimbo dzinopisa

Kune ngano dzakawanda pamusoro pehupenyu hwaGauguin pachitsuwa.

Vanoti muimbi uyu aiita chipfambi chakanyanya mukudyidzana kwake nemadhiri emuno. Akatambura nezvirwere zvakawanda zvevenereal. Asi nhoroondo yakachengetedza mazita evamwe vadiwa.

Mubatanidzwa wakakurumbira aive Tehura ane makore gumi nematatu. Musikana wechidiki anogona kuonekwa mumufananidzo "Mweya wevakafa haurare".

Gauguin akamusiya aine pamuviri, achienda kuFrance. Kubva pakubatana uku, mukomana Emil akaberekwa. Akarerwa nemumwe murume weko akaroorwa naTehura. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Emil akararama kusvika makore 80 uye akafa muurombo.

Kuzivikanwa pakarepo mushure mekufa

Gauguin haana kumbova nenguva yekunakidzwa nekubudirira.

Zvirwere zvakawanda, hukama hwakaoma nemamishinari, kushaya mari - zvose izvi zvakaderedza simba remupendi. Musi waMay 8, 1903, Gauguin akafa.

Heino imwe yeazvino mifananidzo yake, The Spell. Imo musanganiswa wekuzvarwa uye wekoloni unonyanya kuoneka. Chitsinga nemuchinjikwa. Vakashama uye vakapfeka zvipfeko zvematsi.

Uye jasi rakaonda repende. Gauguin aifanira kuchengetedza mari. Kana iwe wakaona basa raGauguin richirarama, saka pamwe iwe wakateerera kune izvi.

Sekunyomba kwemupendi murombo, zviitiko zvinokura mushure mekufa kwake. Mutengesi Vollard anoronga kuratidzwa kukuru kweGauguin. Salon** inotsaurira imba yese kwaari ...

Asi Gauguin haana kurongerwa kugeza mukubwinya uku kukuru. Haana kurarama kwaari zvishoma ...

Nekudaro, hunyanzvi hwemupendi hwakazove husingafi - mifananidzo yake ichiri kushamisa nemitsetse yavo yakasindimara, ruvara rwekunze uye chimiro chakasiyana.

Gauguin muRussia

Kune akawanda mabasa naGauguin muRussia. Zvose zvekutenda kune pre-revolutionary vatori Ivan Morozov naSergei Shchukin. Vakaunza kumba mifananidzo yakawanda yakagadzirwa natenzi.

Imwe yemhando huru dzeGauguin "Musikana akabata muchero" inochengetwa mukati Hermitage muSt.

Verenga zvakare nezveunyanzvi hwemunyori "Bhiza jena".

* Kuruboshwe: Paul Gauguin. Mu night cafe. 1888 Pushkin Museum im. A.S. Pushkin, Moscow. Kurudyi: Van Gogh. Arlesian. 1889

** Rimwe sangano muParis rairatidza basa revaimbi vanozivikanwa zviri pamutemo kuruzhinji rwevanhu.

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Mufananidzo mukuru: Paul Gauguin. Kuzvifananidzira naKristu yeyero. 1890 Museum d'Orsay.