Mifananidzo yaRaphael. Shamwari, vanoda, vatsigiri
Zviri Mukati:
Raphael akararama munguva apo mifananidzo yakazara-zviso yakanga ichangobva kuoneka muItaly. Makore 20-30 izvi zvisati zvaitika, vagari veFlorence kana Roma vairatidzwa zvakanyanya munhoroondo. Kana kuti mutengi airatidzwa akapfugama pamberi pemusande. Mhando iyi yemufananidzo yainzi donor portrait. Kunyange kare, mufananidzo semhando yakanga isipo zvachose.
Kuchamhembe kweEurope, mifananidzo yekutanga, kusanganisira yakazara-chiso, yakaonekwa makore 50. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti muItaly mufananidzo wemunhu mumwe hauna kugamuchirwa kwenguva refu. Sezvo chaive chiratidzo chekuparadzana nechikwata. Zvakadaro chishuwo chekuzviramba chakasimba.
Raphael akazviuraya pachake. Uye akabatsira shamwari yake, mudiwa, mukuru mutsigiri nevamwe vakawanda kuramba mumazana emakore.
1. Kuzviita mufananidzo. 1506
Verenga nezvaRaphael muchinyorwa chinoti “Renaissance. 6 vatenzi vakuru veItaly".
Verenga nezveMadonnas ake anozivikanwa mune chinyorwa "Madonnas naRaphael. 5 zviso zvakanakisa.
saiti "Diary yekupenda. Mumufananidzo wega wega mune chakavanzika, magumo, meseji. "
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A self-portrait anogona kugara achitaura zvakawanda pamusoro pechimiro chemuiti. Rangarira kuti mavara akajeka aidiwa naRaphael. Asi airatidza kuti ane mwero akapfeka zvitema. Ihembe chena chete inobuda pasi pekafita nhema. Izvi zvinonyatsotaura nezvekuzvininipisa kwake. Nezve kusavapo kwekuzvikudza uye kuzvikudza. Aya ndiwo matsananguriro aanoitwa nevaairarama navo.
Vasari, munyori woupenyu Renaissance masters akatsanangura Raphael neiyi nzira: “Zvisikwa pachazvo zvakamupa kuzvininipisa uye mutsa izvo pane dzimwe nguva zvinoitika muvanhu vanobatanidza chimiro chendangariro chakapfava uye chokunzwira urombo ...”
akanga akanaka pachiso. Aive akanaka. Munhu akadaro chete ndiye aigona kupenda Madonnas akanaka kwazvo. Kana vachida kusimbisa kuti mukadzi akanaka mumweya uye mumuviri, saka vanowanzoti "akanaka, saRaphael's Madonna".
Verenga nezve iyi mifananidzo yakanaka muchinyorwa. Raphael's Madonnas. 5 zviso zvakanakisa.
2. Agnolo Doni naMaddalena Strozzi. 1506
Agnolo Doni aive akapfuma mutengesi weshinda kubva kuFlorence. Aive nyanzvi yehunyanzvi. Rafael nokuda kwemuchato wake pachake, akarayira mufananidzo wake uye mufananidzo wemudzimai wake muduku.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Leonardo da Vinci aigara uye akashanda muFlorence. Mifananidzo yake yakaita simba rakasimba pana Raphael. Iri mumifananidzo yemuchato yevakaroorana veDoni umo simba rakasimba raDa Vinci rinonzwika. Maddalena Strozzi anoyeuka Mona Lisa.
The same turn. Maoko akafanana akapetwa. Leonardo da Vinci chete ndiye akagadzira mambakwedza pamufananidzo. Raphael, kune rumwe rutivi, akaramba akatendeka kune mavara akajeka uye mamiriro ezvinhu mumweya wemudzidzisi wake. Perugino.
Vasari, akararama panguva imwe chete naRaphael naAgnolo Doni, akanyora kuti wekupedzisira akanga ari murume ane utsinye. Chinhu chega chaaisachengeta mari yaive art. Sezvingabvira aifanira kufuratira. Rafael aiziva kukosha kwake uye aida basa rake zvizere.
Imwe nyaya inozivikanwa. Pane imwe nguva Rafael akapedza kurongeka kwemafrescoes akawanda muimba yaAgostino Chigi. Maererano nechibvumirano, aifanira kubhadharwa 500 ecu. Pakupera kwebasa racho, nyanzvi yakakumbira mari yakapetwa kaviri. Mutengi akavhiringika.
Akakumbira Michelangelo kuti aone mafrescoes uye ape maonero ake kunze kwenyika. Iwo mafrescoes akakosha chaizvo sekubvunza kwaRaphael. Chigi akaverengera kutsigirwa naMichelangelo. Mushure mezvose, akanga asingadi mamwe maartist. Raphael aisanganisira.
Michelangelo aisagona kutungamirirwa neruvengo. Uye akatenda basa. Achinongedzera chigunwe chake kumusoro weimwe sibyl (mufemberi), akati musoro uyu wega waikosha 100 ecu. Vamwe vose, mukuona kwake, havana kuipa.
3. Mufananidzo waPope Julius II. 1511
Verenga nezvemufananidzo waPapa nebasa rake muhupenyu hwaRaphael mune chinyorwa "Mifananidzo yaRaphael. Shamwari, vadikani, vatsigiri."
saiti "Diary yekupenda. Pamufananidzo wega wega pane nyaya, magumo, chakavanzika. "
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Pope Julius II akaita basa rinokosha zvikuru mubasa raRaphael. Akatsiva Pope Alexander VI, Borgia. Aive nemukurumbira nekuda kwehunhubu hwake, kutambisa zvinhu uye nerusarura. Kusvikira zvino, Chechi yeKaturike inorangarira kutonga kwake senguva inosuruvarisa munhau youpapa.
Julius II aive akanyatsopesana neakamutangira. Ane simba uye anoda chinzvimbo, zvisinei haana kukonzera shanje kana ruvengo. Sezvo sarudzo dzake dzese dzaingoitwa achifunga nezvezvido zvake. Haana kumboshandisa simba kuti azvibatsire. vakazadzazve homwe yeChechi. Akashandisa zvakawanda pakugadzira. Kutenda kwaari, vanyori vepamusoro venguva iyoyo vakashanda muVatican. Kusanganisira Raphael naMichelangelo.
Akapa Raphael kuti apende dzimba dzakawanda dzeVatican. Akafadzwa kwazvo nehunyanzvi hwaRaphael zvekuti akaraira mafresco evatenzi vekare kuti acheneswe mune mamwe makamuri akati wandei. Pamusoro pebasa raRafaeri.
Zvechokwadi, Raphael haana kukwanisa kuita kunze kwekupenda mufananidzo waPapa Julius II. Pamberi pedu pane murume achembera. Zvisinei, maziso ake haana kurasikirwa nokuoma kwavanoita uye kuomerera kunheyo. Mufananidzo uyu wakaorora vanhu vomunguva yaRaphael zvokuti vaipfuura nepaaiva vakadedera sokunge vakanga vari pamberi pomunhu mupenyu.
4. Mufananidzo weBaldassare Castiglione. 1514-1515
Verenga nezve mufananidzo uyu muchinyorwa "Mifananidzo yaRaphael. Shamwari, vadikani, vatsigiri."
nzvimbo "Diary yekupenda: mumufananidzo wega wega - nhoroondo, kuguma, chakavanzika".
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Raphael aive munhu aifarira kutaura naye. Kusiyana nemamwe maartist akawanda, kuzviparadzanisa nevamwe hakuna kumbobvira kwaita hunhu hwake. Vhura mweya. Mwoyo wakanaka. Hameno kuti aiva neshamwari dzakawanda.
Mumwe wavo akatsanangura mufananidzo. NaBaldassare Castiglione, muimbi akazvarwa uye akakurira muguta rimwe chete reUrbino. Vakasangana zvakare muRoma muna 1512. Castiglione akasvika ikoko semumiriri weDuke weUrbino muRoma (panguva iyoyo, rinenge guta rega rega raive nyika yakaparadzana: Urbino, Roma, Florence).
Iko hakuna chinhu chinobva kuPerugino uye da Vinci mune iyi mufananidzo. Rafael akatanga maitiro ake. Pane yakasviba yunifomu kumashure, mufananidzo unoshamisa wechokwadi. Maziso ane moyo murefu. Pose, zvipfeko zvinotaura zvakawanda nezve hunhu hweanoratidzwa.
Castiglione aive mumiriri wechokwadi. Kudzikama, kufunga. Haana kumbosimudza izwi rake. Hazvisi pasina kuti Raphael anomuratidza mune grey-dema. Aya mavara akachenjera anoramba asina kwaakarerekera munyika umo mavara akajeka anokwikwidza. Akadaro Castiglione. Akanga ari murevereri ane unyanzvi pakati pezvipokana.
Castiglione aisada kuyevedza kwekunze. Naizvozvo, zvipfeko zvake zvakanaka, asi kwete zvinopenya. Hapana mamwe mashoko. Hapana silika kana satin. Munhenga mudiki mubereti chete.
Mubhuku rake "On the Courtier" Castiglione anonyora kuti chinhu chikuru kune munhu anokudzwa ndicho chiyero mune zvose. "Munhu anofanira kunge ane mwero zvishoma pane zvaanobvumira nzvimbo yake yemagariro."
Ndihwo hutongi hune mwero hwemumiririri akajeka Renaissance uye akakwanisa kupfuura Rafael.
5. Donna Velata. 1515-1516
Verenga nezvazvo munyaya "Fornarina Rafael. Nyaya yerudo nemuchato wakavanzika."
saiti "Diary yekupenda. Pamufananidzo wega wega pane nyaya, magumo, chakavanzika. "
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Mufananidzo waDonna Velata wakapendwa nenzira imwechete semufananidzo weCastiglione. Pamusoro pehunyanzvi. Chaizvoizvo gore kana maviri isati yanyorwa Sistine Madonna. Zvakaoma kufungidzira mukadzi wepanyika ane upenyu, ane simba uye akanaka.
Nekudaro, hazvisati zvanyatsozivikanwa kuti rudzii rwemukadzi anoratidzwa pamufananidzo. Ndaizonyatsofunga nezveshanduro mbiri.
Uyu unogona kunge uri mufananidzo wakabatanidzwa werunako rusina kumbovapo. Mushure mezvose, Raphael akasika mifananidzo yeakakurumbira ake Madonna. Sezvo iye pachake akanyorera shamwari yake Baldassara Castiglione, "vakadzi vakanaka vashoma sevatongi vakanaka." Nokudaro, anomanikidzwa kunyora kwete kubva kune zvakasikwa, asi kufungidzira chiso chakanaka. Kungofuridzirwa nevakadzi vakamupoteredza.
Yechipiri, yakawedzera rudo vhezheni inotaura kuti Donna Velata aive mudiwa waRaphael. Zvichida zviri pamusoro pouyu mufananidzo uyo Vasari anonyora, kuti: “Mukadzi waaida zvikuru kwazvo kusvikira parufu rwake, uye waakapenda naye mufananidzo wakaisvonaka zvokuti akanga ari wose pauri, sokunge kuti mupenyu.”
Zvakawanda zvinoti mukadzi uyu aive pedyo naye. Hazvishamisi kuti Raphael achanyora zvimwe mumwe wemifananidzo yake makore mashoma gare gare. Muchimiro chimwechete. Nezvishongo zvakafanana zveparera mubvudzi rake. Asi asina chipfuva. Uye sezvazvakazoitika panguva yekudzorerwa muna 1999, ane mhete yemuchato pamunwe wake. Yakapendwa kwemazana emakore akawanda.
Sei mhete yakapendwa pamusoro? Zvinoreva here kuti Rafael akaroora musikana uyu? Tsvaka mhinduro munyaya yacho Fornarina Raphael. Nyaya yerudo nemuchato wakavanzika”.
Raphael haana kugadzira mifananidzo yakawanda. Airarama zvishoma. Akafa aine makore 37, pazuva rake rekuzvarwa. Sezvineiwo, hupenyu hwenyanzvi kazhinji hupfupi.
Verenga zvakare nezvaRaphael mune chinyorwa Raphael Madonnas: 5 Yakanaka Zviso.
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