"Zuva Rokupedzisira rePompeii" Bryullov. Nei iri basa reunyanzvi?

Mutsara wekuti "Zuva Rokupedzisira rePompeii" rinozivikanwa kune wese. Nokuti rufu rweguta rekare iri rwakambofananidzirwa naKarl Bryullov (1799-1852)

Zvekuti muimbi akawana kukunda kunoshamisa. Kutanga muEurope. Pashure pezvose, akapenda mufananidzo muRoma. MaItaly akazara akatenderedza hotera yake kuti ave nerukudzo rwekukwazisa shasha. Walter Scott akagara pamufananidzo kwemaawa akati wandei, achishamisika kusvika pakati.

Uye zvakanga zvichiitika muRussia zvakaoma kufungidzira. Mushure mezvose, Bryullov akasika chimwe chinhu chakasimudza mukurumbira weRussia pendi pakarepo kusvika pakukwirira kusati kwamboitika!

Vanhu vazhinji vakaenda kundoona mufananidzo uyu siku nesikati. Bryullov akapiwa vateereri vega naNicholas I. Zita remadunhurirwa rokuti "Charlemagne" rakanga rakadzika midzi shure kwake.

Alexandre Benois chete, munyori wenhau dzemifananidzo anozivikanwa zvikuru wezana remakore rechi19 nerechi20, akashinga kushora Pompeii. Uyezve, akatsoropodza zvine hutsinye: "Kushanda ... Kupenda kune zvese zvinonaka ... Ruzha rwemutambo ... Crackling mhedzisiro ..."

Saka chii chakanyanya kurova ruzhinji nekutsamwisa Benoit zvakanyanya? Ngatiedzei kuzvinzwisisa.

Bryullov akawana kupi zano racho kubva?

Muna 1828, Bryullov muduku aigara uye akashanda muRoma. Nguva pfupi izvi zvisati zvaitika, vanochera matongo vakatanga kuchera maguta matatu akafa pasi pedota reVesuvius. Hongu, vaiva vatatu. Pompeii, Herculaneum uye Stabiae.

KuEurope, uku kwaive kuwanikwa kunoshamisa. Zvechokwadi, izvi zvisati zvaitika, upenyu hwevaRoma vekare hwaizivikanwa kubva pazvipupuriro zvakanyorwa zvidimbu. Uye heano akawanda se3 maguta akavharwa ne18 mazana emakore! Nedzimba dzese, mafrescoes, temberi uye zvimbuzi zveveruzhinji.

Chokwadi, Bryullov aisakwanisa kupfuura chiitiko chakadaro. Ndokuenda kunzvimbo yekuchera matongo. Pakazosvika nguva iyoyo, Pompeii ndiyo yakanga yanyatsocheneswa. Nyanzvi yakashamiswa nezvayakaona zvekuti yakabva yangotanga basa.

Akashanda nesimba chaizvo. 5 years. Yakawanda yenguva yake yaipedzerwa pakuunganidza zvinhu, mifananidzo. Basa racho pacharo rakatora 9 months.

Bryullov-documentary

Pasinei nezvose "theatricality" iyo Benois inotaura nezvayo, pane zvakawanda zvechokwadi mumufananidzo waBryullov.

Nzvimbo yekuita haina kugadzirwa natenzi. Iko kune chaizvo mugwagwa wakadaro paHerculaneus Gate muPompeii. Uye matongo etemberi ane masitepisi achiripo.

Uye munyori wemifananidzo akadzidza pachake zvisaririra zvevakafa. Uye akawana mamwe magamba muPompeii. Somuenzaniso, mukadzi akafa achimbundira vanasikana vake vaviri.

Pane imwe yemigwagwa, mavhiri engoro uye zvishongedzo zvakapararira zvakawanikwa. Saka Bryullov aive nepfungwa yekuratidza kufa kweanokudzwa Pompeian.

Akaedza kutiza ari mungoro, asi kuvhunduka kwakaitika pasi pevhu kwakarovera dombo panzvimbo yakarongwa, uye vhiri ndokupindamo. Bryullov anoratidza nguva yakaipisisa. Mukadzi akawira mungoro akafa. Uye mwana wake, anopona pashure pokudonha, anochema pamutumbi waamai.

Pakati pemapfupa akawanikwa, Bryullov akaonawo mupristi wechihedheni akaedza kutora pfuma yake naye.

Pacanvas, akamuratidza akabata zvakasimba hunhu hwetsika dzechihedheni. Iyo yakagadzirwa nesimbi inokosha, saka muprista akaenda nayo. Haataridzi muchiedza chakanaka zvikuru kana achienzaniswa nomufundisi wechiKristu.

Tinogona kumuziva nemuchinjikwa uri pachipfuva chake. Anoshinga anotarisa Vesuvius ane hasha. Kana iwe ukavatarisa pamwe chete, zviri pachena kuti Bryullov anonyatsopikisa chiKristu kune chihedheni, kwete mukuda kwekupedzisira.

“Zvakarurama” zvivako zviri pamufananidzo zviri kukoromokawo. Vanoongorora makomo vanoti Bryullov airatidza kudengenyeka kwenyika kwemapoinzi masere. Uye yakavimbika zvikuru. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo zvivakwa zvinoputsika panguva yekudengenyeka kwesimba rakadaro.

Kuvhenekera kwaBryullov kunofungidzirwawo zvakanaka. Mabota eVesuvius anovhenekera kumashure zvakajeka, anozadza zvivako neruvara rutsvuku zvokuti zvinoita sekuti zviri kutsva.

Muchiitiko ichi, kumberi kunovhenekerwa nechiedza chichena kubva mukupenya kwemheni. Kusiyana uku kunoita kuti nzvimbo yacho inyanyodzika. Uye zvinotendwa panguva imwe chete.

Bryullov, mutungamiriri wemitambo

Asi mumufananidzo wevanhu, kuvimbika kunopera. Pano, Bryullov, hongu, iri kure nezvokwadi.

Chii chatingaone kana Bryullov ainyanya kuona? Kwaizova nenyonganyonga uye pandemonium.

Hatingave nemukana wekutarisa chimiro chega chega. Taizovaona vachipindirana nekutanga: makumbo, maoko, vamwe vaizorara pamusoro pevamwe. Vangadai vakatosvibirwa netsvina netsvina. Uye zviso zvacho zvaizoshatiswa.

Uye chii chatinoona muBryullov? Mapoka emagamba akarongwa kuti tione mumwe nemumwe wavo. Kunyange mukutarisana norufu, ivo vakanaka nenzira youmwari.

Mumwe munhu anobata bhiza rokurera zvinobudirira. Mumwe munhu anovhara musoro wake nendiro. Mumwe munhu akabata mudiwa zvakanaka.

Hungu, vakanaka, savamwari. Kunyange kana maziso avo akazara nemisodzi kubva pakuziva kwekufa kuri kuuya.

Asi hazvisi zvose zvinotarisirwa naBryullov kusvika pamwero wakadaro. Tinoona munhu mumwe achiedza kubata mari inodonha. Kuramba uri mudiki kunyangwe panguva ino.

Hongu, uku kuita kwemitambo. Iyi injodzi, yakanyanya kunaka. Apa Benoit aitaura chokwadi. Asi kungotenda kune iyi theatre kuti isu hatifuratire mukutya.

Muiti wemifananidzo anotipa mukana wekunzwira tsitsi vanhu ava, asi kwete kutenda zvakasimba kuti mune yechipiri vachafa.

Iyi ingano yakaisvonaka kupfuura chokwadi chakakasharara. Kunaka zvinoroya. Hazvinei kuti kumhura kunganzwika sei.

Munhu mu "Zuva Rokupedzisira rePompeii"

Zvakaitika zveBryullov pachake zvinogona kuonekwawo mumufananidzo. Iwe unogona kuona kuti ese makuru mavara e canvas ane chiso chimwe. 

Pamazera akasiyana, nekutaura kwakasiyana, asi uyu ndiye mukadzi mumwechete - Countess Yulia Samoilova, rudo rwehupenyu hwomuvengi Bryullov.

Sehumbowo hwekufanana, munhu anogona kuenzanisa ma heroine nemufananidzo weSamoilova, uyo zvakare wakarembera mukati. Russian Museum.

Vakasangana muItaly. Takatoshanyira matongo ePompeii pamwe chete. Uye ipapo kudanana kwavo kwakaramba kuchienderera mberi kwemakore gumi nematanhatu. Ukama hwavo hwaive hwemahara: ndiko kuti, iye naiye akazvibvumira kutakurwa nevamwe.

Bryullov akatokwanisa kuroora panguva iyi. Chokwadi chakakurumidza kurambana, chaizvo mushure memwedzi miviri. Mushure memuchato ndipo paakadzidza chakavanzika chinotyisa chemukadzi wake mutsva. Mudiwa wake aiva baba vake chaivo, vaida kuramba vari muchimiro ichi mune ramangwana.

Mushure mekuvhunduka kwakadaro, Samoilova chete ndiye akanyaradza muimbi.

Vakaparadzana zvachose muna 1845, apo Samoilova akasarudza kuroora akanaka chaizvo muimbi opera. Mufaro wemhuri yake haunawo kugara kwenguva refu. Kwapera gore, murume wake akafa nokunwa.

Akaroora Samoilova kechitatu chete nechinangwa chekuwanazve zita rekuverenga, iro raakarasikirwa nazvo nekuda kwekuroora kwake nemuimbi. Hupenyu hwake hwose aibhadhara mari yakawanda yemendenenzi kumurume wake, asingagari naye. Nokudaro, akafa muurombo hwakakwana.

Pakati pevanhu vakanga varipo pamucheka, iwe unogona kuona Bryullov pachake. Uyewo mubasa remugadziri anovhara musoro wake nebhokisi remabhurashi uye pendi.

Pfupisa. Chikonzero nei "Zuva Rokupedzisira rePompeii" inyanzvi

"Zuva Rokupedzisira rePompeii" rinonyanya kukosha munzira dzose. Canvas hombe - 3 ne6 metres. Mazhinji mavara. Yakawanda yeruzivo rwaunogona kudzidza tsika yekare yeRoma.

"Zuva Rokupedzisira rePompeii" inyaya yenjodzi, yakataurwa zvakanakisa uye zvinobudirira. Vatambi vakatamba mativi avo nekusiya. Migumisiro yakakosha ndeyepamusoro-soro. Kupenya kunoshamisa. Iyo theatre, asi inyanzvi yemitambo yemitambo.

MuchiRussia mufananidzo, hapana mumwe munhu aigona kupenda njodzi yakadaro. MuWestern pendi, "Pompeii" inogona kuenzaniswa ne "The Raft of the Medusa" naGéricault.

Uye kunyange Bryullov pachake akanga asingachakwanisi kupfuura pachake. Mushure me "Pompeii" haana kumbokwanisa kugadzira hunyanzvi hwakafanana. Kunyangwe achizorarama mamwe makore gumi nemapfumbamwe ...

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