Nhoroondo Pfupi yeZvishandiso zveTattoo

Tattooing imhando yehunyanzvi ine mazana emakore enhoroondo, uye nekufamba kwemakore, shanduko dzakakosha dzakaitwa kune nzira dzakashandiswa mukuita. Verenga kuti uone kuti maturusi e tattoo akashanduka sei kubva kutsono dzebhuronzi dzekare uye bhonzo chisel kuenda kumichina yemazuva ano yetattoo sezvatinoziva.

maturusi ekare eEgyptian tattoo

Tattoo yemifananidzo inoratidza mhuka uye vamwari vekare akawanikwa pamichembere yekuIjipita yenguva pakati pe3351-3017 BC. Maitiro ejometri mumhando yewebhu akaiswawo paganda sechidziviriro kumweya yakaipa uye kunyange rufu.

Aya madhizaini akagadzirwa kubva pakabhoni-based pigment, pamwe kabhoni nhema, iyo yakabayiwa mudermis layer yeganda uchishandisa multi-tsono tattoo chishandiso. Ikoku kwakareva kuti nzvimbo huru dzaigona kufukidzwa nokukurumidza zvikuru, uye mitsetse yamadota kana kuti mitsetse yaigona kuwanwa pamwe chete.

Imwe neimwe tsono yetsono yakagadzirwa kubva kune rectangular chidimbu chebhuronzi, yakapetwa mukati kune imwe mugumo uye yakaumbwa. Tsono dzakawanda dzaizosungirirwa pamwe chete, dzobatanidzwa pamubato wedanda, dzonyudzwa musot kuti dzipinze dhizaini muganda.

Ta Moco Instruments

Polynesian tattoos ane mukurumbira nekuda kwemaitiro avo akanaka uye nhoroondo refu. Kunyanya, maMaori tattoos, anozivikanwawo seTa Moko, anowanzoitwa nevanhu veko veNew Zealand. Izvi zvinyorwa zvaive uye zvinoramba zviri zvitsvene. Nekusimbisa kutema tattoo pachiso, dhizaini yega yega yaishandiswa kumiririra yerudzi rwakati, ine nzvimbo chaiyo yekuratidza chinzvimbo uye chimiro.

Sechinyakare, mudziyo wetattoo unonzi ukhi, wakagadzirwa kubva pabhonzo rakanongedza nemubato wehuni, wakashandiswa kugadzira madhizaini akasiyana. Zvisinei, ingi yehuni isati yaiswa, ganda raitanga kutemwa. Pigment yakabva yapinzwa mumiforo iyi ne ¼-inch chisel-like tool.

Kufanana nedzimwe tsika dzakawanda dzemadzinza ezvitsuwa zvePolynesia, ta-moko yakafa zvakanyanya pakati pezana ramakore rechi 19 mushure mekuumbwa kwekoloni. Zvakadaro, zvakabva zvawana rumutsiriro rwakanaka nekuda kwevaMaori vemazuva ano vane shungu dzekuchengetedza tsika dzemadzinza avo.

Dayak Tattoo Techniques

MaDayaks eBorneo ndeimwe dzinza yanga ichidzidzira ma tattoo kwemazana emakore. Pamatatoo avo, tsono yacho yaigadzirwa neminzwa yemuti weorenji uye inki yacho yakaitwa nemusanganiswa wecarbon black neshuga. Dayak tattoo dhizaini inoera uye pane zvikonzero zvakati kuti nei mumwe munhu wedzinza iri angatore tattoo: kupemberera chiitiko chakakosha, kuyaruka, kuzvarwa kwemwana, chinzvimbo chemagariro kana zvaunofarira, nezvimwe.

haida tattoo zvishandiso

VaHaida vaigara pachitsuwa chiri kumadokero kweCanada kwemakore anenge 12,500 XNUMX. Kunyange zvazvo maturusi avo ari chiyeuchidzo cheJapan tebori zvishandiso, nzira yekushandiswa yakasiyana, sezvakaita mhemberero kana yakabatanidzwa neinoyera tattoo session.

Via Lars Krutak: "Tattoo yeHaida yairatidzika kuva isingawanzoitiki pakasvika 1885. Yaiwanzoitwa pamwe chete nehari yekupedzisa imba yemapuranga emusidhari nembiru yayo yepamberi. Potlatches yaisanganisira kugoverwa kwezvinhu zvemunhu nemuridzi (mukuru weimba) kune avo vakaita mabasa anokosha mukuvakwa chaiko kweimba. Chipo chimwe nechimwe chaisimudza chimiro chemukuru wemba nemhuri yake, uye chaibatsira zvikuru vana vemuridzi wemba. Mushure mekuchinjana kwenguva refu kwezvinhu, mwana wega wega wemutungamiri weimba akagamuchira zita idzva rePotlatch uye tattoo inodhura yakavapa chimiro chepamusoro.

Matanda marefu ane tsono aishandiswa kuisa, uye matombo ebrown aishandiswa seinki. Anthropologist JG Swan, akaona mhemberero yetattoo yeHaida kutenderera 1900, akaunganidza akawanda ezvishandiso zvavo zvetattoo ndokunyora tsananguro yakadzama pamapepa. Pane imwe yacho pakanyorwa kuti: “Pedza ibwe rokukuya mazimbe mashava okupenda kana kunyora nyora. Nokuda kwepende inokwizwa nesalmon caviar, uye nokuda kwetattoo inokwizwa nemvura.

Sezvineiwo, vanhu veHaida ndemamwe emadzinza mashoma akashandisa pigment dzvuku, pamwe nedema, kugadzira ma tatoo edzinza ravo.

Maturusi ekutanga emazuva ano e tattoo

Vadivelu Comedy Thai Sak Yant

Iyi tsika yekare yeThai tattoo yakatanga muzana remakore rechi16 apo Naresuan aitonga uye varwi vake vakatsvaka dziviriro yemweya pamberi pehondo. Inoramba yakakurumbira kusvika nhasi, uye kunyange ine zororo rechitendero regore negore rakatsaurirwa kwairi.

Yant inoyera geometric dhizaini inopa makomborero akasiyana uye dziviriro kuburikidza nemapisarema echiBuddha. Mukubatana, "Sak Yant" zvinoreva mashiripiti tattoo. Panguva yekunyora nyora, minamato inoimbwa kuisa tattoo nemasimba ekudzivirira pamweya. Zvinotendwa kuti iyo inoswedera pedyo iyo kudhirowa kune musoro, iwe unowedzera rombo rakanaka.

Sechinyakare, mamongi echiBhudha anoshandisa spikes refu yakagadzirwa neshenjere yakanongedza kana simbi sechishandiso chetattoo. Izvi zvakashandiswa kugadzira tapestry-senge Sak Yant tattoos. Iyi mhando ye tattoo yemaoko inoda maoko maviri, imwe kutungamira chishandiso uye imwe yekukwenya kumagumo kwetsvimbo kupinza inki muganda. Oiri zvakare dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kugadzira runako rusingaonekwe kune vamwe.

Japanese tebori

Iyo tebori tattoo tekinoroji yakadzokera kuzana ramakore re17 uye yakaramba yakakurumbira kwemazana emakore. Kutaura zvazviri, kutozosvikira makore anenge 40 apfuura, nyora dzose muJapan dzaiitwa nemaoko.

Tebori chaizvoizvo zvinoreva "kuveza nemaoko" uye izwi rinobva muhuni; kugadzira zvitambi zvehuni zvekudhinda mifananidzo pamapepa. Kunyora nyora kunoshandisa tattoo chishandiso chine seti yetsono dzakasungirirwa padanda kana simbi tsvimbo inozivikanwa se nomi.

Iwo maartist anoshandisa Nomi neruoko rumwe uku achipinza inki muganda ne rhythmic tapping motion nerumwe ruoko. Iyi inzira inononoka kupfuura tattoo yemagetsi, asi inogona kugadzira mhedzisiro yakapfuma uye yakapfava shanduko pakati pemumvuri.

Mumwe muimbi weTokyo-based tebori anozivikanwa saRyugen akaudza CNN kuti zvakamutorera makore manomwe kukwenenzvera hunyanzvi hwake: “Zvinotora nguva yakawanda kugona basa racho pane (kushandisa tattoo) pamotokari. Ini ndinofunga izvi imhaka yekuti kune akawanda ma paramita akadai sekona, kumhanya, simba, nguva uye kupindirana pakati pe "poke".

edison pen

Zvichida inonyanya kuzivikanwa nekugadzira girobhu rechiedza uye kamera yefirimu, Thomas Edison akagadzirawo peni yemagetsi muna 1875. Pakutanga yaida kuita duplicate yegwaro rimwe chete uchishandisa stencil neingi roller, iyo yakagadzirwa zvinosuwisa haina kumbobatwa.

Edison pen chaive chombo chemaoko chine mota yemagetsi yakaiswa pamusoro. Izvi zvaida ruzivo rwakadzama rwebhatiri kubva kumushandisi kuti rirambe riripo, uye matapureta aiwanikwa zvakanyanya kumunhuwo zvake.

Nekudaro, kunyangwe kutadza kwayo kwekutanga, chinyoreso cheEdison chine mota chakaisa nhanho yemhando yakasiyana zvachose yechishandiso: yekutanga magetsi emagetsi tattoo muchina.

Electric tattoo muchina O'Reilly

Makore gumi nemashanu mushure mekunge Edison agadzira chinyoreso chake chemagetsi, muimbi weIrish-American tattoo Samuel O'Reilly akagamuchira patent yeUS yetsono yekutanga pasi rose. Mushure mekuzviitira zita muindasitiri yetattoo mukupera kwema15, tattooing muNew York City, O'Reilly akatanga kuyedza. Chinangwa chayo: chishandiso chekukurumidza kuita.

Muna 1891, achifemerwa nehunyanzvi hwakashandiswa muchinyoreso chaEdison, O'Reilly akawedzera tsono mbiri, dura reinki, uye akatenderedza mbiya. Saka, yekutanga rotary tattoo muchina wakazvarwa.

Kukwanisa kuita 50 ganda perforations pasekondi, kanokwana makumi mana nemanomwe kupfuura anokurumidza uye ane hunyanzvi hwekunyora dhizaini, muchina uyu wakashandura indasitiri yematattoo uye wakashandura mafambiro ezvishandiso zvetattoo zveramangwana.

Kubva ipapo, maartist kubva kumativi ese enyika akatanga kugadzira michina yavo. Tom Riley wekuLondon ndiye akatanga kugamuchira patent yeBritish yemuchina wake wecoil wakagadzirwa kubva pagungano rakagadziridzwa bhero repamusuwo, mazuva makumi maviri chete mushure mekunge O'Reilly agamuchira yake.

Makore matatu gare gare, mushure memakore akati wandei ekushanda nematurusi emaoko, mukwikwidzi waRiley Sutherland McDonald akapawo patent yemuchina wake wemagetsi. Muchinyorwa cha1895 muThe Sketch, mutori wenhau akatsanangura muchina waMacdonald se "chiridzwa chidiki [chinoita] ruzha runoshamisa".

Mazuva ano tattoo zvishandiso

Nekukurumidza kumberi kusvika 1929: American tattoo artist Percy Waters akagadzira yekutanga tattoo muchina mune yakajairika chimiro. Mushure mekugadzira nekugadzira gumi nemana masitayera, mamwe acho achiri kushandiswa nanhasi, yave iyo inotungamira pasi rose yekutengesa maturusi etattoo.

Zvakatora mamwe makore 50 mumwe munhu asati aita patent yemuchina wetattoo. Muna 1978, chizvarwa chekuCanada Carol "Smoky" Nightingale akagadzira "magetsi ekumaka mudziyo wekutara vanhu" ane marudzi ese ezvimiro zvinogoneka.

Tichifunga nezvekuti kubudirira kwakaitika kwaEdison naNightingale kwakabatsira sei kuumba indasitiri yemazuva ano ye tattoo sezvatinoiziva, tinotya kutaura kuti nguva nenguva, zvipingamupinyi zvidiki zvinogona kudzidza chimwe chinhu ...