Gemstone sapphire - muunganidzwa weruzivo nezvesafiya

Sapphire ibwe rinoshamisa iro kudzika kweruvara uye ukuru zvakafadza vanhu uye zvakanyandura fungidziro kwemazana emakore. Zvishongo nesafire zvinofarirwa zvisingaite, uye cashmere safiro ndiyo inodhura zvakanyanya. Pazasi pane zvimwe zvinonakidza chokwadi zvaunofanira kuziva pamusoro peiyi dombo risingajairiki.

Zita rinobva paizwi rechiGiriki rekare. Safire is corundum, saka inosvika kuoma 9 Mosh. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chicherwa chechipiri chakanyanya kuoma pasi pano mushure medhaimani. Zita remaminerari rinobva mumitauro yeSemitic uye rinoreva "dombo rebhuruu". Kunyangwe paine mamwe mimvuri yesafire mumasikirwo, iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa mithunzi yebhuruu. Iron uye titanium ions inokonzera ruvara. Chinonyanya kudiwa muzvishongo ndeye mimvuri ye cornflower yebhuruu, inozivikanwawo se cashmere blue. Safiya machena uye akajeka anowanikwawo muPoland. kunyanya muLower Silesia. Sezvineiwo, kwete chete zvicherwa zvakacherwa zvakasikwa, asi zvakare akawanikwa synthetically, ari kushandiswa parizvino.

Masafiro akajeka uye anowanzo kupatsanurwa kuita ndege mbiri. Sapphire ndeimwe yematombo anokosha anozivikanwa zvikuru. Mamwe marudzi esafire anoratidza pleochroism (kushanduka kwemavara zvichienderana nechiedza chinowira pane mineral) kana kupenya (radiation of light/light waves) zvinokonzerwa nechikonzero chisiri chekupisa). Masafiro anozivikanwawo nekuvapo asterism (star sapphire), chiitiko chemaziso chinosanganisira kutaridzika kwemabhande matete echiedza anoumba chimiro chenyeredzi. Matombo aya anokuyiwa kuita makabhokoni.

Kubuda kwesafiro

Sapphire inowanzoitika mumatombo egneous, anowanzo pegmatites uye basalts. Kunyange makristasi anorema 20 kg akawanikwa muSri Lanka, asi akanga asina zvishongo zvakakosha. Masafiro anocherwawo kuMadagascar, Cambodia, India, Australia, Thailand, Tanzania, USA, Russia, Namibia, Colombia, South Africa neBurma. Nyeredzi yesafiro yekristaro inorema 63000 carats kana 12.6 kg yakambowanikwa muBurma. Kune masafiro muPoland, chete muLower Silesia. Vanonyanya kukosha kubva kuKashmir kana Burma. Nechekare nemumvuri wemuvara, unogona kuziva nyika yekwakabva mineral. Iwo akasviba anobva kuAustralia, kazhinji ane girini, nepo akareruka anobva kuSri Lanka, semuenzaniso.

Safire uye ruvara rwayo

Iyo inonyanya kudiwa uye yakakurumbira ruvara rwesafire ndeyebhuruu.. Kubva kudenga kusvika kumakungwa. Bhuruu rakatikomberedza. yakagara ichikosheswa nokuda kweruvara rwayo rwakanyanya uye rwakapfava. Hazvishamisi kuti sapphire yakanaka yebhuruu yakafuridzira fungidziro yemunhu kubva pakutanga.Rudzi runogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzvimbo, kuzara kwechinhu nesimbi kana titanium. Ichi ndicho chimwe chezvimiro izvo kukosha kwesafiri kunotsanangurwa, uye ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Zvakakosha kuti inouya mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana, kunze kwekutsvuka. Patinosangana ne red corundum, tiri kubata neruby. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana tichiti sapphire, tinoreva blue sapphire, kana tichida kuratidza kuti tiri kutaura nezvesafiri ine rumwe ruvara, iyo inonzi fancy, tinofanira kutaura kuti ndeupi ruvara rwatinoreva. Iruvara rweyero rinowanzonzi goridhe, kana pink kana orenji. Kune zvakare masafiro asina ruvara anonzi leucoschafirs. Vese kunze kwebhuruu masafire anoyevedza. Izvo zvakachipa kupfuura yakanaka yebhuruu sapphire, zvisinei kune imwe inonzi Padparadscha, iyo inoreva ruvara rwelotus, ndiyo yega safire ine zita rayo kunze kweruby. Ipingi uye orenji panguva imwe chete uye inogona kudhura zvakanyanya.

Yakave yakakurumbira mazuva ano kudziyisa masafiro kuburitsa yakatopfuma ruvara rwebhuruuzvisinei, ndeye yakasikwa cornflower blue sapphire iyo inonyanya kukosha, haisi chiedza kana rima. Izvo zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti masafiro haana chikero chemavara chakamisikidzwa, senge madhaimani, saka kuongororwa kwematombo ega ega kwakanyatso kuzviisa pasi uye zviri kumutengi kusarudza kuti ndeipi safire yakanyanya kunaka. Mamwe masafire anogonawo kuve neruvara rwenzvimbo inokonzerwa nekuvakwa kwemateya panguva yekuumbwa kwematombo. Masafiro akadaro ane ruvara rwakajeka uye rwakasviba munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekristaro. Mamwe masafiro anogonawo kuve ane mavara mazhinji, akadai seyepepuru nebhuruu. Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti munguva yakapfuura, fancy sapphire yainzi, semamwe maminerari emuvara wakafanana, ane prefix "oriental", semuenzaniso, kune yakasvibira safiro yainzi oriental emerald. Zvisinei, iyi nomenclature haina kudzika midzi, yakakonzera kukanganisa kwakawanda uye naizvozvo yakasiiwa.

Zvishongo nesafiro

Blue sapphire inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira zvishongo. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, yero, yepingi uye orenji safiro yakave yakakurumbira. Kashoma kazhinji, girinhi nebhuruu sapphire inoshandiswa muzvishongo. Inoshandiswa mumhando dzose dzezvishongo. Mhete dzemuchato, mhete, zvishongo, zvishongo. Inoshandiswa sechinhu chepakati uye zvakare sedombo rekuwedzera pamwe nemamwe matombo akadai sedhaimondi kana emerald mumarin'i ekubatirana. Safire yebhuruu yakadzika nekunyatsojeka inogona kusvika zviuru zvemadhora emadhora pa carat, uye matombo akajairika uye anoshandiswa anosvika maviri carats, kunyangwe, hongu, kune anorema. Nekuda kwekuwanda kwayo, 1-carat sapphire ichave idiki zvishoma pane 1-carat diamondi. A 6 carat brilliant-cut sapphire yaifanirwa kuva XNUMXmm muhupamhi. Kune masafiro, kazhinji kazhinji kutenderera kunopenya kwakachekwa kwakakodzera. Kugaya kwekatsika kunowanzoitikawo. Nyeredzi dzesafire dzakachekwa cabochon, nepo rima resafire rakachekwa rakati sandara. Masafiro anotarisa kunyanya kunaka muzvishongo zvegoridhe chena. Mhete yegoridhe chena ine sapphire sedombo repakati rakakomberedzwa nedhaimondi chimwe chezvimedu zvakanakisa zvezvishongo. Kunyange zvazvo chokwadi ndechekuti inotaridzika yakakura mune chero ruvara rwegoridhe.

Symbolism uye zvemashiripiti zvinhu zvesafire

Kare kare masafiro ainzi ane masimba emashiripiti. Maererano nevaPersia, matombo aifanirwa kupa kusafa uye huduku husingagumi. VaEgipita navaRoma vairangarira kuva mabwe anoyera eruramisiro nechokwadi. MuMiddle Ages, zvaidavirwa kuti masafiro anodzinga midzimu yakaipa nezvitsinga. Kuporesa zvinhu zvinonzi zvakare nesafire. Zvinonzi kurwisa zvirwere zvedundira, mwoyo, itsvo, uye ganda, uye kuwedzera mhedzisiro yemishonga yekugadzira uye yepanyama.

Kudzikamisa mhedzisiro yebhuruu yakaita kuti zvive zvechigarire. chiratidzo chekutendeka uye kuvimba. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vakadzi munyika yose vanowanzosarudza iri dombo rakanaka rebhuruu nokuda kwemhete dzavo dzekubatana. Iri igemu rakatsaurirwa kune avo vakazvarwa munaGunyana, vakazvarwa pasi pechiratidzo cheMhandara uye vachipemberera 5th, 7th, 10th uye 45th yemuchato ekuyeukwa. Ruvara rwebhuruu rwesafiri ndiyo chipo chakakwana, chinofananidzira kutenda uye kuzvipira kusingazununguki kuhukama hwevanhu vaviri. MuMiddle Ages, zvaidavirwa kuti kupfeka masafiro kunodzvinyirira pfungwa dzisina kunaka uye kunorapa zvirwere zvepanyama. Ivan the Terrible, Russian Tsar, akati anopa simba, anosimbisa mwoyo uye anopa ushingi. VaPezhiya vaidavira kuti rakanga riri dombo rokusafa.

Safire muchiKristu

Zvakambofungwa kuti safire inovandudza pfungwakunyanya panguva yekunyengetera, izvo zvinowedzera kushanda kwayo. Nechikonzero ichi, yainziwo dombo remongi. Safira yakasanganawo nefariro dzevakuru vechechi. Pope Gregory XV akazivisa kuti raizova dombo ramakadhinari, uye pamberi pezvi, Pope Innocent II akanga araira mabhishopi kupfeka mhete dzesafire paruoko rwavo rworudyi rwakakomborerwa. Vaifanira kudzivirira vafundisi pakuparara nepesvedzero dzakaipa dzokunze. Iyo mineral inowanikwawo muBhaibheri. MuApocalypse yeSt. Johani ndomumwe wematombo gumi nemaviri anoshongedza Jerusarema rokudenga.

masafiro akakurumbira

Nguva dzachinja, asi safiro ichiri yakanaka uye inodiwa mineral. Iye zvino hapana anotenda kuti ibwe richarapa chepfu kana kubvisa chitunha chakashata, asi vakadzi vazhinji vanosarudza shaifr yemhete yavo yemuchato. Imwe yeanonyanyozivikanwa mhete dzekubatana ndeye Kate Middleton, aimbove muridzi waPrincess Diana. Ndarama chena, nechepakati Ceylon safiro yakakomberedzwa nedhaimondi. The Blue Belle yekuAsia i400 carat sapphire yakachengetwa muUK vault, yakaiswa mukati mehuro muna 2014 uye yakatengeswa nemadhora makumi maviri nemaviri emamiriyoni. Inotsanangurwa seyechina pakukura munyika. Uye safire yakakura kwazvo pasi rose idombo rakacherwa muSri Lanka muzana ramakore rechigumi nemanomwe. Iyo yakakura asterism safira parizvino inogara kuSmithsonian, kwayakapihwa naJPMorgana. Iyo safire yakakura yakawanikwa kusvika zvino rakanga riri dombo rakawanikwa muna 1996 muMadagascar, richiyera 17,5 kg!

Masafi ekugadzira anogadzirwa sei?

Kazhinji, zvishongo zvesafire zvine matombo ekugadzira. Izvi zvinoreva kuti dombo rakasikwa nemunhu, uye kwete nemasikirwo. Dzakanaka semasafiya echisikigo, asi hadzina “chinhu chaamai chepasi” ichocho. Zvinokwanisika here kusiyanisa masafiro ekugadzira kubva kune echisikigo neziso rakashama? Ngatitangei kubva pakutanga. Yekutanga syntheses yecorundum yakaitika muzana ramakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, apo mabhora madiki eruby ​​akawanikwa. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi50, pakanga pane nzira iyo zvicherwa zvakaputirwa mumurazvo wehydrogen-oxygen, kubva kune makristasi akazoumbwa. Zvisinei, nenzira iyi, makristasi maduku chete akaumbwa, nokuti yakakura - yakanyanya kusvibiswa uye mavara. Mumakore ekumaXNUMXs, iyo hydrothermal nzira yakatanga kushandiswa, iyo yaisanganisira kunyungudutsa aruminiyamu oxides uye hydroxides pasi pekumanikidza kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakakwira, uye mbeu dzakasungirirwa pawaya dzesirivha uye, nekuda kwemhinduro yakaguma, dzakamera. Nzira inotevera ndiyo nzira yeVerneuil, iyo inosanganisirawo kunyunguduka kwezvinhu, asi mvura inoguma inowira pachigadziko, iyo inowanzova crystal yakasikwa, iyo ndiyo nheyo yekukura. Iyi nzira ichiri kushandiswa nhasi uye inogara ichivandudzwa, zvisinei, makambani mazhinji ane nzira dzawo dzekutora zvicherwa zvekugadzira uye kuchengetedza nzira idzi zvakavanzika. Synthetic sapphire inocherwa kwete chete yekushongedza zvishongo. Ivo zvakare vanowanzo gadzirwa kugadzirwa kwezviratidziro kana maseketi akasanganiswa.

Nzira yekuziva sei synthetic safira?

Yakagadzirwa nesafire uye yakasikwa safire dzinenge dzakafanana zvemuviri nemakemikari zvimiro, saka zvakanyanya kuoma, zvisingaite, kuzviziva neziso rakashama. Nedombo rakadaro, zviri nani kuonana neakakosha jeweler. Hunhu hukuru ndiwo mutengo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti mamineral echisikigo haazove akachipa. Chiratidzo chekuwedzera kusavapo kana kuremara kudiki pamatombo ekugadzira.

Yakapfekwa nesafiro nematombo ekugadzira

Zvakakoshawo kuziva kuti kune izwi rakadai sematombo anorapwa kana kubatwa. Kazhinji dombo rechisikigo harina kuratidzirwa nemuvara wakakodzera, uye ipapo masafiro kana rubi anodzingwa kuti avandudze zvachose ruvara rwavo. Semuenzaniso, topazi inogadziriswa nenzira imwechete, uye emerald yatove nemafuta. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nzira idzi hadzina kukuvadza ibwe, hazviiti kuti ibwe rive risiri rechisikigo. Zvechokwadi, kune nzira dzinoita kuti gemstone irasikirwe nehuwandu hunokosha uye haichasviki pedyo nemasikirwo. Nzira dzakadaro dzinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, kuzadza rubhi negirazi kana kugadzirisa madhaimondi kuti kuwedzere kuchena kwekirasi, sekuda kuziva, kunewo matombo ekugadzira. Izvo zvakasiyana nematombo anokosha ekugadzira. Sezvinongoita matombo anokosha ekugadzira ane chimiro uye chemakemikari zvimiro zvakada kufanana neawo echisikigo, matombo anokosha ekugadzira haana NO analogues muzvisikwa. Mienzaniso yematombo akadaro, semuenzaniso, iyo yakakurumbira zircon kana iyo isinganyanyi kufarirwa moissanite (diamond kutevedzera).

Tarisa zvedu muunganidzwa weruzivo nezvese matombo anokosha inoshandiswa muzvishongo

• Dhaimondi / Dhaimondi
• Rubin
• amethiste
• Aquamarine
• Agate
• ametrine
• Sapphire
• Emerald
• Topaz
• Tsimofan
• Jadeite
• morganite
• howlite
• Peridot
• Alexandrite
• Heliodor