Sangana nemadhaimani makuru anowanikwa pasi pano

diamond inokonzera kuyemura kwakawanda uye manzwiro, inoita sechinhu chemashiripiti, chisinganzwisisike - uye inongova rudzi rwekabhoni mune fomu yekristalline. Izvi ibwe rinokosha zvikurunekuti kazhinji inongoonekwa pakadzika inopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu emamita kubva pamusoro penyika. Dhaimondi rinoumbwa pasi pesimba rekushisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa. Izvi chinhu chakaomesesa munyikaKuvonga kune izvi, kuwedzera kune zvishongo, zvinogona kubudirira kushandiswa mumhizha.

Nhoroondo Pfupi yeDaimondi

Kana yangokwenenzverwa, dhaimondi rinova rinopenya, rinoyevedza, rakachena uye rakakwana, ndosaka riri dombo rinodiwa zvikuru uye rinokosha muzvishongo. Kwenguva refu chinhu ichi chaive chakakosha zvikuru. Inobatanidzwa nenyika dzakadai seIndia, Egypt, uyezve Greece, uko matombo aya akaunzwa naAlexander Mukuru - uye zvechokwadi Africa. Lodewijk van Berken ndiye akatanga kusuma nzira yekuporisha madhaimani. Mumazuva ekare zvaitendwa izvozvo dombo rine simba guru rakavanzika. Zvaitendwa kuti zvinodzivirira zvirwere nemadhimoni. Zvisinei, muhupfu, vanachiremba vakaishandisa kurapa zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Dhaimondi guru munyika yose - Cullinan

Dhaimondi gurusa rinonzi Cullinan. kana Big Star of Africa. Yakawanikwa nemugadhi wemugodhi Frederick Wells. Zvakaitika kuPretoria, South Africa. Chidimbu chiri mushanduro yekutanga chairema 3106 carats (621,2 magiramu!), Uye kukura kwayo. 10x6x5 masendimita.

Sezviri pachena, pakutanga yakanga yakatokura, yakakamurwa - ndiani kana chii, hazvizivikanwe. Zvisinei, munguva dzakazotevera ibwe harina kuramba rakaita ukuru uhwu. Hurumende yeTransvaal yakatenga dombo iri ne£150. Muna 000, yakapihwa kuna King Edward VII pachiitiko chekuzvarwa kwake makumi matanhatu nematanhatu. Mambo Edward akarayira kambani yeDutch kuti iparadzanise ibwe muzvidimbu 1907 - 66 duku uye 105 huru, iyo yakagadziriswa. Akapiwa kuhomwe yeLondon, uye ipapo, kubvira 96, akanga akashongedzwa nechiratidzo chehurumende muchimiro chedhaimani.

Mugodhi mukuru - dhaimani guru reCullinan pasi rose rakawanikwa pano

Cullinan yakawanikwa kuPremier Mine (kubvira 2003 yakanzi Cullinan muSouth Africa), iri makiromita makumi maviri neshanu kumabvazuva kweguta guru reSouth Africa rePretoria. Iyo dhaimani yakawanikwa muna 25, isingasviki makore maviri mushure mekutanga kushanda kwakazara kwemugodhi, iyo munhoroondo yayo yezana ramakore ine huwandu hukuru hwemadhaimondi akashata kupfuura 1905 carats (pamusoro pematombo mazana matatu) uye anopfuura 2% yezvose. rough diamonds. anopfuura 100 carats ati ambofukunurwa.

Mangoda akacherwa kuPremier Mine anosanganisira:

1) Taylor-Burton (240,80 carats); 2) Premier Rose (353,90 carats); 3) Niarchos (426,50 carats); 4) Centenary (599,10 carats); 5) Jubheri Yendarama (755,50, 6 carats); 27,64) Mwoyo wekusingaperi (11 carats), yakadzika yebhuruu uye gumi nerimwe mamwe madhaimani ebhuruu anoumba yakakurumbira De Beers Millennium Collection De Beers.

prime mine kwezana remakore rakapfuura nomumachinja asina kunaka. Yakavharwa kekutanga mumakore maviri mushure mekutanga kweHondo Yenyika Yekutanga muna 1914. Mugodhi uyu, unozivikanwa kumaindasitiri se "Great Depression" kana "Great Hole", wakavharwa zvakare muna 1932. Akanga akashama. uye yakavharwa (hainawo kushanda panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri) yakatanga kurasikirwa nekukosha kwayo kusvika 1977, apo yakatorwa neDe Beers. Mushure mekubatwa, sarudzo ine njodzi yakaitwa yekupaza 70-mita yematombo emakomo anoputika, ichivharira kupinda kumatombo ekimberlite ari pakadzika 550 m muchimberlite chimney, chirongwa ichi chaisanganisira kushandiswa kwakatevera kwematombo ekimberlite, kana asi, nyika yebhuruu - nyika yebhuruu, iyo chaizvoizvo diamond-inobereka breccia, kana chete dhipoziti yedhaimondi yakawanikwa, kushandiswa kwayo kwaizova nehupfumi. Ngozi yakabhadhara uye mugodhi wakatanga kubhadhara. Muna 2004, mugodhi weCullinan wakagadzira 1,3 mamiriyoni emakarati emadhaimondi. Parizvino, dhipoziti iri kushandiswa pakadzika 763 m, ukuwo geological research nebasa rekugadzirira riri kuenderera mberi kudzika shaft kusvika pakadzika pasi pe1100 20 m. Izvi zvichaita kuti madhaimani acherwe pamugodhi une mukurumbira pasi rose uchange yakawedzerwa kwemamwe makore 25-XNUMX.

Nhoroondo uye kuguma kwedhaimondi guru pasi rose

Musi waNdira 26, 1905, maneja weMutungamiriri, Captain Frederick Wells, vakawana hofori yekristaro yedhaimondi mukuora mwoyo kudiki kumucheto kwegori. Nhau dzekuwanikwa kwacho dzakabva dzabata pepanhau, iyo yakafungidzira kukosha kwedhaimondi kunosvika US$4-100 miriyoni, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kamwe kamwe kwechikamu chePremier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Ltd ne80%. iyo yakawanikwa Cullinan crystal mukukudza Sir Thomas Major Cullinan, mutungamiriri wekambani uye muongorori wemigodhi.

TM Cullinan akaonekwa muna 1887 muJohannesburg (South Africa) semumwe wevazhinji vatori vechikamu mu "gold rush", iyo yakaunza zviuru zvevacheri vegoridhe uye vafambi kuSouth Africa. Cullinan anokatyamadza akatanga basa rake semuzvinabhizimisi nekuvaka misasa yevashanyi vanobva kumativi ose enyika, ipapo misha nemataundi ose, kwaakaita mari yakawanda. Mukutanga 90s, iye neboka reshamwari vakavamba Driekopjes Diamond Meeting Co., iyo yakawana akati wandei madhaimondi, uye zviitiko zvayo zvakakanganiswa munaNovember 1899 nekuputika kwehondo pakati peBoers (Afrikaners, zvizvarwa zveDutch colonists. vakagara muzana ramakore rechi 1902 muSouth Africa) nemaBritish (yainzi Second Boer War). Pashure pehondo, Cullinan, achienderera mberi nebasa rake rokuongorora, akawana dhipoziti yedhaimani pedyo neguta guru reSouth Africa rePretoria muTransvaal, purovhinzi panguva iyoyo yaitongwa nevaDutch. Madhipoziti edhaimondi aipihwa mvura yenzizi dzakawanda, matsime acho aive papurazi reElandsfontein, raW. Prinsloo. Kwemakore apfuura, Prinsloo akaramba achiramba mari zhinji inopihwa kuti atengese purazi. Zvakadaro, kupera kweHondo yeBoer yechipiri muna Chivabvu XNUMX uye kuendeswa kweTraswall kukutonga kweBritish kwaireva kuti purazi rakaparadzwa nemauto echiRungu akakunda, rakawira mukuparara kwemari, uye nguva pfupi yapfuura, muridzi waro akafa muhurombo.   

Cullinan akapa vadyi venhaka yePrinsloo £150 yekodzero dzekusingaperi dzepapurazi (inobhadharwa muzvikamu) kana $000 mumari yekuzotengesazve purazi. Pakupedzisira, muna Mbudzi 45, 000, Cullinan akatenga purazi ne£7 ndokutumidza kambani yake Driekopjes Diamond Mining Premier (Transvaal) Diamond Mining Co. Pakati pevakatanga uye vagovani vekambani iyi paiva naBernard Oppenheimer, mukoma mukuru waErnest Oppenheimer, akazova mutungamiriri weDe Beers Consolidated Mines.

Mukati memwedzi miviri rakanga racherwa. 187 carats emadhaimani iyo yakasimbiswa nekuwanikwa kwechimney chakakodzera che kimberlite. Muna Chikumi 1903, manejimendi eTransvaal akatemera mutero wezvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana pane purofiti yekambani, iyo pakupera kwegore yakanga yaburitsa 60 carats emadhaimondi anokosha £749.

Kuwanikwa kwaCullinan muna 1905 kwakakonzera manzwiro makuru.iyo yakava hwaro hwekuverenga kwakawanda uye kwakanakisa, fungidziro uye nyaya. Somuenzaniso, mubvunzurudzo, Dr. Molengraaff, sachigaro weSouth African Mining Commission, akataura kuti "Cullinan inongova imwe chete yezvikamu zvina zvekristaro zvakawanikwa, uye zvidimbu zve3 zvakasara zvehukuru hwakafanana zvakaramba zviri mumatombo." Zvisinei, ruzivo urwu haruna kusimbiswa.

Muna Kubvumbi 1905, Cullinan akatumirwa kuLondon Prime Minister's (Transvaal) Diamond Meeting Co., S. Neuman & Co., kwaakagara kwemakore maviri, nekuti ndiyo nguva yakareba zvakatora Transwald Legislative Committee kusarudza kutenga madhaimondi. . Panguva iyoyo, vatungamiri veAfricaner, Generals L. Botha naJ. Smuts, vakanga vachitaurirana nevakuru veBritain kuitira kuti vaise simba kune komisheni uye kubvuma kwayo kutengeswa kwedombo. Pakupedzisira, kupindira kwega kweMunyori-Secretary weColonies, uyo akazova Mutungamiriri weUnited Kingdom. Great Britain W. Churchill, somugumisiro wemvumo yekomisheni muna August 2, kutengesa Cullinan nokuda kwa1907 150. Pounds. Mambo weBritain, King Edward II, kuburikidza naLord Elgin's Secretary of State for the Colonies, vakaratidza chido chakadzora uye vakazvipira kugamuchira diamondi sechipo se "humbowo hwekuvimbika uye kunamatira kwevanhu veTransvaal kuchigaro cheumambo uye mambo."

Makakatanwa pamusoro pehuremu hwedhaimani guru

Kunyange zvakadaro Cullinan nderimwe remadhaimani ane mukurumbira munhoroondo.Kunyangwe zvimiro zvayo nemabviro akanyatso nyorwa, pave paine gakava rakawanda pamusoro pehuwandu hwayo. Ivo vakamuka nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemazinga epasi rose uye kumisa kweiyo unit yehuwandu mu carats. Iyo "Chirungu carat", inoenderana nehuwandu hwe 0,2053 g, uye "Dutch carat" ye0,2057 g yakanyatsosiyana ne "metric carat" ye0,2000 g.

Cullinan akayerwa pakangowanikwa huremu muhofisi yemakomuredhi ePrime Minister. 3024,75 Chirungu caratsndokuzoyera muhofisi yeLondon yekambani aive nehuremu hwe3025,75 English carats. Kusiyana kwekarati imwe munyaya iyi kwakasimuka nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemitemo uye inosungirwa pamutemo yezviyero uye zviyero. Cullinan akayerwa nguva pfupi asati aparadzana paJ. Asscher & Co. muAmsterdam muna 1908 yairema 3019,75 Dutch carats kana 3013,87 English carats (2930,35 metric carats).

Diamond achicheka Cullinan

Kuwanikwa kwaCullinan muSouth Africa muna 1905 kwakabatana nekuedza kwaGeneral L. Boti nemutungamiri weSouth Africa J. Smuts kuumba Union of South Africa. Vakakwanisa kupesvedzera hurumende yeTransvaal kuti ipe Cullinan kuna King Edward VII wekuEngland (r. 1901–1910) sechipo chekuzvarwa musi wa9 Mbudzi 1907. Chipo ichi chaive chakakosha $150. Pondo sterling yaitarisira kuti dhaimondi, mukukosha kwayo, raizomiririra "Africa huru" yaida kuve chikamu chakakosha chekorona yeBritish.

J. Asher & Co. Musi waKukadzi 6, 1908, akatanga kuongorora dhaimondi, izvo zvakaratidza kuvepo kwezvikamu zviviri zvinoonekwa nemeso. Mushure memazuva mana ekutsvagisa kuti aone mafambiro ekupatsanura, kupatsanurwa kwakatanga. Banga rakatsemuka pakuedza kwekutanga, uye dhaimani rakatsemuka nepakati pakuedza kunotevera. Mumwe wavo akayera 1977,50 1040,50 uye imwe 2029,90 1068,89 Dutch carats (14 1908 uye 2 1908 metric carats zvichiteerana). Pana February 29, 20, dhaimani guru rakakamurwazve kuita mativi maviri. Kukuya kweCullinan I kwakatanga pana March 7, 12, uye kukuya kweCullinan II kwakatanga pana May 1908 wegore iroro. Iyo yose nzira yekugadzira madhaimondi yaidzorwa nemucheki ane makore 1908 eruzivo rwebasa H. Koe. Basa paCullinan I rakatora mwedzi inopfuura gumi nemana uye rakapedzwa munaGunyana 14, XNUMX, nepo Cullinan II nemamwe madhaimondi "mapfumbamwe" akakwenenzverwa pakupera kwaGumiguru, XNUMX. Makuyo matatu akashanda kwemaawa XNUMX imwe neimwe, achikuya matombo. zuva nezuva.

Cullinan I uye II vakaunzwa kuna King Edward VII kuWindsor Palace musi wa21 Gumiguru 1908. Mambo akabatanidza madhaimondi muzvishongo zvekorona, uye mambo akatumidza mukurusa wacho kuti Nyeredzi Huru yeAfrica. Mamwe matombo aive zvipo kubva kuna mambo kumhuri yehumambo: Cullinan VI aive chipo kumudzimai wake, Mambokadzi Alexandra, uye madhaimani akasara aive chipo kumuzukuru waMambokadzi Mary pachiitiko chekugadzwa kwemurume wake George V saMambo we. England.

Cullinan yakazara mbishi yakapwanyika 9 matombo makuru ane huremu hwe1055,89 carats., yakaverengwa kubva kuI kusvika kuIX, inozivikanwa se "mapfumbamwe makuru", kune 96 madhaimondi maduku ane huremu hwe7,55 carats uye 9,50 carats yezvidimbu zvisina kuchekwa. Somubayiro wokukwenenzvera J. Asher, akagamuchira 96 ​​madhaimani maduku. Pamitengo yazvino yemadhaimani akachekwa, Usher akatambira mari isingaite zviuru zvemadhora ekuAmerica nekuda kwemabasa ake. Akatengesa madhaimondi ese kuvatengi vakasiyana, kusanganisira Mutungamiriri weSouth Africa, Louis Botha naArthur naAlexander Levy, vatengesi vedhaimani vane mukurumbira muLondon.

Gemological maitiro eCullian

Kubva kutanga kwema80, Crown jewelers kubva kuGarrard & Co. vanogara vakachena uye, kana zvichidiwa, vanogadzira Zvishongo zveBritish Crown zvakachengetwa muTower of London mukati maFebruary. Muna 1986-89, kunze kwekuchengetedzwa kwematombo anokosha, tsvakurudzo yavo yakaitwa zvakare pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaA. Jobbins, mutungamiriri wenguva refu weGem Testing Laboratory yeGreat Britain - GTLGB (yava kunzi GTLGA - Gem Testing Laboratory yeGreat Britain). Great Britain). -ASI). Mhedzisiro yechidzidzo ichi yakabudiswa muna 1998 mubhuku remavhoriyamu maviri rine musoro unoti The Crown Jewels: A History of the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London Jewel House, rakabudiswa mumakopi 650 chete pamutengo we£1000.

Cullinan I - maitiro

Dhaimondi rakagadzirwa nehagi yendarama yeyero, iyo yakashongedzwa netsvimbo youmambo inotsigira korona ine muchinjikwa. Tsvimbo iyi yakagadzirwa muna 1660-61 asi yakagadziridzwa kakawanda, kunyanya muna 1910 payakagadzirwa nematombo anokosha eGarrard & Co. Cullinan I.

• mass - 530,20 carats.
• Mhando uye chimiro chekucheka - inoyevedza, inopenya yakadonha-yakaumbwa ne 75 facets (41 mukorona, 34 mu pavilion), faceted rondist.
• zviyero - 58,90 x 45,40 x 27,70 mm.
• ruvara - D (maererano nechiyero cheGIA), Rwizi + (maererano nechiyero cheMatemu Ekare).
• utsanana - isina kutsanangurwa zvakajeka, asi dombo rinosanganisirwa mukirasi yeAir Force.
• Ine zvinotevera birthmarks zvemukati nekunze (Fig. 1):

1) madiki matatu madiki echipu: imwe pakorona padhuze nesarufa uye maviri mupavilion pabevel guru repavilion padyo necollet; 2) imwe bevel padivi reRondist yekorona; 3) nzvimbo diki yemukati isina ruvara granularity padyo nerondist.

• Dhaimondi rakachekwa, iro, zvisinei, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda zvenhoroondo uye zvepfungwa hazvigone kuitwa (yakasarudzika nhoroondo kukosha, parera rekorona, chiratidzo chesimba reHumambo hweBritain, nezvimwewo), ingadai ine huremu hushoma, asi angadai akaverengerwa pakati iyo yakanyanya kuchena kirasi FL (isina mhosva).
• zviyero uye kuchekwa kwemhando - hazvina kutsanangurwa zvakajeka.
• kupenya - isina simba, yakasvibira grey yepfupi-wave ultraviolet mwaranzi.
• phosphorescence - isina simba, yakasvibira ine nguva yakareba kwazvo yemaminitsi gumi nemasere.
• absorption spectrum - yakajairwa yemhando II madhaimani, nekunyura kwakazara kwemwaranzi pazasi 236 nm (Fig. 2).
• infrared spectrum - yakajairika kune madhaimani akachena asina chero tsvina, yerudzi IIa (Fig. 3).
• kukosha - PRICELESS.

Cullinan II - maitiro

Dhaimondi rakagadzirwa nehagi mugoridhe reyero, inova iri pakati pekorona yeBritish. Iyo korona yakagadzirwa muna 1838 uye Cullinan II yakarongedzwa mairi muna 1909. Kuonekwa kwemazuva ano kwekorona kunobva muna 1937, apo pakugadzwa kwaGeorge VI kwakavakwazve nematombo anokosha kubva kuGarrard & Co., ndokuzogadziridzwa. muna 1953 naMambokadzi Elizabeth II (kureba kwake kwakaderedzwa zvakanyanya).

• mass - 317,40 carats.
• rudzi uye chimiro chekucheka - fancy, dhaimani yekare, inonzi "antique" (eng. Cushion) ine 66 facets (33 imwe neimwe mukorona uye pavilion), faceted rondist.
• zviyero - 45,40 x 40,80 x 24,20 mm.
• ruvara - D (maererano nechiyero cheGIA), Rwizi + (maererano nechiyero cheMatemu Ekare).
• utsanana - sezvakaitika kuCullinan I, pakanga pasina tsanangudzo yakajeka, asi ibwe ndereboka reAir Force. Iine zvinotevera zvemukati nekunze (Fig. 4):

1) madiki maviri madiki echipu padivi repamberi regirazi; 2) makwara akareruka pagirazi; 3) chidiki chekuwedzera bevel pane chamfer padhuze nesarufa kubva parutivi rwepavilion; 4) kukuvadzwa kudiki kuviri (makomba), akabatanidzwa neasingaone maratidziro echip pamucheto wemberi kwegirazi uye korona huru; 5) chidimbu chiduku padivi re rondist yekorona pedyo nerondist, yakabatana neyakasikwa.

• Dhaimondi rakakwenenzverwa rakadai seCullinan ndaizorongedzerwa se iyo yakanyanya kuchena kirasi FL (isina mhosva).
• zviyero uye kuchekwa kwemhando - hazvina kutsanangurwa zvakajeka.
• kupenya - isina simba, yakasvibira grey yepfupi-wave ultraviolet mwaranzi.
• phosphorescence - isina simba, yakasvibirira; zvichienzaniswa neCullinan I, yaive yenguva pfupi, masekonzi mashoma. Sezvo madhaimondi maviri akachekwa kubva kune imwe crystal, chiitiko chekupenya kweimwe yematombo mukushayikwa kwephosphorescence mune imwe inonakidza zvikuru uye zvikonzero zvayo hazvisati zvajekeswa.
• absorption spectrum - yakajairika yemhando II madhaimondi, inoratidzirwa nediki bhendi rekunyudza rine huwandu pawavelength ye265 nm uye kunyura kwakazara kwemwaranzi pazasi 236 nm (Fig. 2).
• infrared spectrum - sezvakaitwa neCullinan I, iyo inofananidzwa nedhaimondi yakachena isina tsvina, inorondedzerwa semhando IIa (Fig. 3).
• kukosha - PRICELESS

Mupunga. 3 Cullinan I uye II - infrared absorption spectrum (maererano neThe Cullinan Diamond Centennial K. Scarratt & R. Shor, Gems & Gemmology, 2006)

Pa3106 carats, iyo Cullinan ndiyo yakanyanya rough diamond pasi rose. Muna 2005, 2008 makore apfuura kubva pazuva rekuwanikwa kwayo, uye mumakore 530,20 - kubva pazuva rayakakwenenzverwa naJ. Asher. Iyo 546,67 carat Cullinan I ndiyo yechipiri yakakura kuchekwa mushure me546,67 carat Golden Jubilee brown diamond inowanikwa kuPremier Mine, iyo post-Golden Jubilee 1990 carat brown diamond yakawanikwa kuPremier Mine (Cullinan) (South Africa) uye yakatemwa muna XNUMX, iyo Cullinan I inoramba iri dhaimondi rakakura kwazvo risina ruvara. Iyo Cullinan I uye II ndiwo matombo akakurumbira munyika, anokwezva mamirioni evashanyi kuTower Museum muLondon gore rega rega. Ivo vane nzvimbo yakatanhamara uye yakakosha pakati peCrown Jewels yeGreat Britain, uye nekuda kwenhoroondo yavo yakapfuma, vanoramba vari chiratidzo chengano cheHumambo hweBritain pakukwirira kwesimba rayo.

The Big Nine of the Greatest Diamonds - The Cullinans

Cullinan I (Great Star of Africa) - kudonhedza 530,20 carat yakarongedzwa muChangamire's (Royal) Tsvimbo ine Cross, parizvino iri muunganidzwa weShongwe yeLondon.Cullinan II (Chechipiri Nyeredzi yeAfrica) ndeye 317,40 carat rectangular antique, yakarongedzwa neImperial State Crown, parizvino iri muunganidzwa weShongwe yeLondon.Cullinan III - donhwe rinorema 94,40 carats rakagadzirwa nekorona yaMambokadzi Mary, mudzimai waMambo George V; parizvino mune yakavanzika muunganidzwa waMambokadzi Elizabeth II.Cullinan IV - yekare yekare inorema 63,60 carats yakagadzirwa nekorona yaMambokadzi Mary, mudzimai waMambo George V; parizvino mune yakavanzika muunganidzwa waMambokadzi Elizabeth II.Cullinan V - moyo we18,80 carat wakagadzirwa nebrooch yaive yaMambokadzi Elizabeth II.Cullinan VI - Marquise inorema 11,50 carats, yakarongedzwa nekireshi yaive yaMambokadzi Elizabeth II.Cullinan VII - 8,80 carat awning yakagadzirwa neCullinan VIII mune pendant yaive yaMambokadzi Elizabeth II.Cullinan VIII - yakagadziridzwa yekare inorema 6,80 carats yakarongedzwa naCullinan VII mune pendant yaive yaMambokadzi Elizabeth II.Cullinan IX - misodzi inorema 4,39 carats yakagadzirwa nemhete yaMambokadzi Mary, mudzimai waMambo George V; parizvino mune yakavanzika muunganidzwa waMambokadzi Elizabeth II.

Vari kupi nhasi uye ma cullinns, madhaimani makuru, anoshandiswa sei?

Nhoroondo yeCullinan yakabatana zvisingaite nenhoroondo yeBritish Crown Jewels.. Kwemazana matatu emakore, korona mbiri dzakashandiswa pakugadzwa kwemadzimambo nemadzimambo eChirungu, korona yenyika uye iyo inonzi "korona yaEdward", korona yekugadzwa kwaCharles II. Iyi korona yakashandiswa sekorona yekorona kusvika panguva yaGeorge III (1760-1820). Panguva yekugadzwa kwemwanakomana waMambokadzi Victoria, King Edward VII (1902), tsika iyi yaida kudzorerwa. Zvisinei, sezvo mambo akanga achinaya mukurwara kwakakomba, korona inorema, iyo yaingotakurwa bedzi mukati mokufora kwoumambo, yakasiiwa. Tsika iyi yakatangazve nekugadzwa kwemwanakomana waEdward, King George V, uyo akatonga kubva 1910-1936. Munguva yemhemberero yekugadzwa, korona yaEdward yaigara ichitsinhaniswa nekorona yenyika. Saizvozvo, Mambo George VI (akashaya 1952) nemwanasikana wake, Queen Elizabeth II, uyo achiri kutonga nanhasi, vakagadzwa korona.Nhoroondo yeImperial State Crown inotanga naMambokadzi Victoria, uyo akatonga kubva muna 1837 kusvika 1901. Sezvo aisafarira korona dzevakadzi dziripo, akakumbira kuti korona itsva iitwe kuti agadzwe. Saka akarayira kuti abvise matombo anokosha kubva kune imwe yekare regalia uye aishongedze nekorona itsva - korona yenyika. Panguva yemhemberero yekugadzwa, Victoria aingopfeka korona nyowani yakamugadzirirwa iye. Iri dombo rakaisvonaka uye roumbozha rakanga riri chiratidzo chinopenya uye chinoshamisa chesimba reVictorian.Kubvira Cullinan yakawanikwa uye ikakwenenzverwa, Cullinan I yakakura yava kushongedza tsvimbo yeBritish, Cullinan II yakavakwa pamberi pekorona yeBritish Empire, uye. Cullinan III uye IV vanowedzerwa kubwinya kukorona yaMambokadzi Mary, mudzimai waMambo George V.

Dhaimondi rechipiri rakakura kwazvo munyika - Millennium Star

Yechipiri Inoshamisa Dhaimondi zvakanga Millennium Star. Akaberekwa kubva nugget, saizi yakasvika 777 carats. Yakawanikwa muDemocratic Republic of the Congo muna 1999. Hazvisati zvazivikanwa kuti ndiani akawana pfuma iyi. Kuedza kwakaitwa kuvanza chokwadi chekuwana pfuma iyi, asi zvakashaya basa. Nekuda kwenhamba yemashiripiti, zvaitendwa kuti ibwe iri rinounza rombo rakanaka. Apo iyi nzvimbo inofadza yakawanikwa, zviuru zvema daredevils zvakamhanyira kutsvaga imwe dhaimondi - asi hapana mumwe munhu akaita.

Kambani ine mukurumbira De Bers yakatenga dombo iri. Ipapo iyo nugget yakaitirwa basa refu uye rinorwadza - kucheka madhaimani nekupukuta. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mushure mekugadzirisa, iyi gem inoshamisa yakatengeswa. 16 nehafu mamiriyoni emadhora.

Dhaimondi rechitatu pakukura munyika - Regent

Imwe diamond inoshamisa inonzi regent Kana shoroma hwaiva hukuru 410 carat. Pamusoro pehuremu hwayo hunokatyamadza, yaivewo yakasarudzika yekutenda akakwana akacheka. Yakawanikwa muna 1700. Kutenda kuna Gavhuna weMadras, yakaendeswa kuEurope. MuLondon, dhaimondi iri rakachekwa ndokuzotengwa neFrench regent. Iyi dhaimondi inoonekwa seyakanyanya kukwana maererano nekucheka.

Munguva yeChimurenga cheFrance, dhaimondi iri rakabiwa zvinosiririsa. Yakanga isina kudzorerwa kusvika 1793. Yakanga iri muLouvre kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, pamwe nematombo aive emadzimambo eFrance.

Mamwe madhaimani ane mukurumbira pasi rose

Uri kunetseka here kuti mamwe madhaimani ane mukurumbira uye anoshamisa ari munyika akaita sei? Heino runyoro rwakakwana rwezvakanyanya kukosha:  

Madhaimani ane mukurumbira pasi rose anoratidzwa mumufananidzo:

1. Mukuru Mukuru,

2. i 11. regent,

3. uye 5. Diament Florensky,

4th uye 12th Nyeredzi dzeMaodzanyemba,

6. Sancy,

7. Dresden Green Diamond,

8th uye 10th Koh-i-Nur ine yekare uye itsva yekucheka,

9. Tariro idhaimondi rebhuruu

Madhaimani ane mukurumbira - Summary

Kwemazana emakore, madhaimondi akakwanisa kutenderedza misoro, pfungwa dzinokwezva uye kumutsa zviroto zveumbozha nehupfumi. Vaiziva kukwezva, kuvhiringidza uye kukurira munhu - uye izvi zvakadaro nanhasi.

Verenga zvakare zvinyorwa pamusoro penyaya "yakakura / yakakurumbira" zvishongo nematombo anokosha munyika:

Mhete dzemuchato dzakakurumbira munyika

Mhete dzemuchato dzakakurumbira munyika

TOP5 hombe goridhe nuggets munyika

Iyo amber yakakura kwazvo munyika - yaive yakaita sei?