Baldr

Muchechi yeScandinavia, mune kurwisana namwari Ase (anonzi Balder). Mwanakomana waOdin uye Frigg , ane ushamwari, akachena, akanaka, anoshamiswa nounyoro hwake, uchenjeri , tsitsi uye kuda kubatsira, hunhu hwese husingaenderane nezvatingaziva nezve tsika dzekare dzeNordic, kanenge panguva iyo inoratidzwa nemagwaro, ndiko kuti, muViking Age. Balder akanaka uye akanaka. Mwanakomana waakabereka kubva kumukadzi wake Nanna rimwe zuva achava mwari wekururamisira: Forseti (Frisian, fosit). MuAsgardhra, nhare hombe inogara vanamwari, anogara muBreidhublik (Great Shining). Kana nyika inoputsika, pazuva reDestiny of the Forces (Ragnarok), achamuka zvakare uye atungamirire rumutsiriro rukuru.

Nepo zvese zvichiratidza kuti uyu ndimwari wezuva, zuva rinonakidzwa nechitendero chine mukurumbira muNorth, zvirinani muScandinavia Bronze Age (~ 1500- ~ 400), kwete chete nekuti inonzi "iyo chena yeAesir." ", Asi nekuti mazhinji ehunhu kana ngano dzinonzi kwaari dzakafanana Bhaari , Tamuzi, Adonis (ane zita rinoreva kuti “ishe”, seshoko racho baldr ) Hunhu hwake hwekungoitawo hunoshamisa: zviito zvishoma zvisingakanganwike kana zviitiko zvepamusoro-soro zvinonzi ndezvaari.

Zvisinei, ngano dzinoverengeka dzine chokuita naye zvakananga vatsinhiri vanokatyamadza, chokutanga, pamusoro porufu rwake. Nekuda kwezvitsinga zvaamai vake, Frigga, akave asingabatike, uye vamwari vanozviseka nekukanda marudzi ese ezvombo nemapurojekiti kwaari kuti aedze kusadzivirirwa uku. Asi Loki , mwari wezvakaipa akazvivanza, akanzvenga miti yakaderera zvikuru - mistletoe ( mistilsteinn), izvo saka hazvina kusangana nechikumbiro chaFrigg. Loki akabata ruoko rwehama yaBalder bofu, Hödr, ane zita rinoreva "kurwa," nemuseve wemistletoe uye anotungamira pfuti yake: Balder anodonha, akarovererwa. Kutya kunowanikwa pasi rose. Mumwe mwanakomana waOdin, Hermodhr, anoenda kuNyika yepasi, uyo anoona kuti Balder zvechokwadi ari pasi pekutonga kwaHel anotyisa, mwarikadzi wenzvimbo yevakafa. Pakupedzisira, anozvipira: achadzorera Balder kunyika yevamwari kana zvipenyu zvose zvichichema kunyangarika kwake. Saka, Frigga anoonekwa pamutambo, uyo anobvunza munhu wese mupenyu, vanhu, mhuka nemiti, kuchema Balder. Uye munhu wese anobvumirana, kunze kwemukadzi anonyangadza Tyokk, uyo asiri mumwe kunze kweLoki, transvestite zvakare. Nokudaro, Balder acharamba ari muumambo hweHeri. Vamwari vanaye

Zviri pachena kune wese kuti isu tiri kubata nehusina kuchena hwakaoma. Kune rimwe divi, pesvedzero dzechiKristu dzinonyatsooneka munyaya iyi. Mwari akanaka, akabayirwa nehuipi hwakachena, chibayiro chakananga chemweya wezvakaipa, asi akatsaurirwa kutarisira kuzvarwa patsva kwakashandurwa, ndiKristuwo, "Kristu Muchena," sekutaura kwaiitwa nevahedheni veNordics. Middle Ages yakazara nengano dzechiKristu idzo dzinoumba wirirano dzakawanda dzinokatyamadza nengano dzaBalder, dzakadai senhau yebofu Longinus akabaya Kristu nepfumo rake, kana kuti nhau yaJudhasi achidzivisa donzo remuti kubva pakurisiya. cross Jesu... Magnus Olsen akapikisa kuti chitendero cheBalder ichitendero chaKristu chakaunzwa kuMaodzanyemba muchimiro chechipegani chakapoteredza 700; tsananguro iyi haigone kurambwa. Chipegani cheFinnish chaizivawo kufanana kwakadaro maererano nekuguma kwekupedzisira kwaLemmikainen muna Kalevale .

Kune rumwe rutivi, mazita enzvimbo akafuridzirwa neBaldrs ane chokuita zvikuru nechitendero chemasimba echisikigo: Mount Baldr (Baldersberg), Hill Baldr (Baldrshol), Cape Baldrsness, etc. Panyaya iyi, inofanira kuyeukwa kuti muti unozivikanwa mu. Maodzanyemba anozivikanwa nekuchena kwawo, baldrsbrar (chaizvoizvo: "Balder's eyebrow"); izvi zvakaita kuti Fraser aite Balder mwari wezvinomera, nokudaro achiwira pasi pesimba rekubereka-kubereka. Nenzira imwecheteyo, zvakanga zvichiri kukakavadzana kuti Balder aizova muti womuouki (zvechokwadi, maGermany ainamata miti, uye maCelt, avo ngano yavo yakapesvedzera ngano dzeNorse mune zvinopfuura ruremekedzo, vairemekedza muoki), iyo inorarama mukuwirirana ne the mistletoe, asi inofa kana utachiona hwakacheka.

Zvisinei, sezvazviri Eddah so uye munyaya yekupisa, Balder anowanzofananidzirwa semwari ane simba, iyo inopesana nezvose zviri pamusoro apa, uye Saxon Grammaticus inoratidzika inotsigira maonero aya.

Mhinduro yaisazoreva - "Ishe" - iro zita raBalder (sezvo, zvechokwadi, re Freyr)., zita rine zvarinoreva zvakafanana)? Nokudaro, nokuda kwekushanduka-shanduka kwezvakaitika kare uye kwaikosha kuMaodzanyemba, taigona kuva nezita rairamba richishandiswa kuvamwari vakasiyana-siyana maererano nechimiro uye tropism yemapoka makuru. Maodzanyemba: pakutanga, munguva dzekare, varimi vangadai vakapa zita iri kuna mwari wekubereka-kubereka; nemafungu evapambi veIndo-European, imwe "Overlord" itsva yaizove yakasimudzwa, iyo yaizotevera kushanduka kwevanhu kwakagadzwa muNorth, uye yaizopedzisira yatora chikamu chehondo. Zuva richaramba riri rakakosha kumashure, pasina kupokana baba vezvese kubereka, asi kubva kune ese magamba nevamwari vehondo zvinobvira.