kucherwa kwemadhaimani

Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti dhaimani rakachekwa rinoonekwa sedombo rinodhura zvakanyanya muindasitiri yese yezvishongo, haisi mineral isingawanzo. Inocherwa munyika dzakawanda, asi nzira yekuchera pachayo haisi inodhura chete maererano nekutsvaga kwemari, asiwo ine ngozi uye yakaoma zvikuru. Madhaimani asati aoneka pamasherufu ezvitoro, “mubereki” wavo anoenda kure zvikuru, dzimwe nguva makumi emakore.

Diamond deposit

Dhaimondi inoumbwa pakupisa kwakanyanya (kubva pa1000 ° C) uye kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya (kubva pa35 kilobars). Asi chimiro chikuru chekuumbwa kwayo kudzika, kusvika makiromita anopfuura 120 pasi pevhu. Izvo zviri pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti densification yekristal lattice inoitika, iyo iri, chaizvoizvo, kutanga kwekuumbwa kwedhaimondi. Zvadaro, nekuda kwekuputika kwemagma, madhipoziti anobuda pedyo nepamusoro penyika uye anowanikwa mune inonzi kimberlite pipes. Asi kunyange pano nzvimbo yavo yakadzika pasi pevhu. Basa revatsvaki nderekutanga pane zvese, kutsvaga mapaipi, uye chete wozoenderera mberi nekuchera.

Migodhi inoitwa nenyika dzinosvika makumi matatu neshanu dziri mumakondinendi akadzikama geologically. Madhipoziti anovimbisa zvakanyanya ari muAfrica, Russia, India, Brazil, uye kuchamhembe kweAmerica.

Macherwa sei madhaimani

Nzira inonyanya kufarirwa yemigodhi ndeyekuchera. Inocherwa, makomba anocherwa, zvinoputika zvinoiswa mukati mazvo uye zvinoputika, zvichiratidza mapaipi ekimberlite. Dombo rinobuda rinotakurwa kuti rigadziriswe kune zvigadziriso zvinogadzirwa kuitira kuona matombo anokosha. Kudzika kwematombo dzimwe nguva kwakakosha zvikuru - kusvika pamamita 500 kana kupfuura. Kana mapaipi ekimberlite asina kuwanikwa mumatombo, ipapo zviitiko zvinopedzwa uye quarry yakavharwa, sezvo zvisingakurudzirwe kutsvaga madhaimondi zvakadzika.

Kana mapaipi ekimberlite ari pahupamhi hunopfuura 500 m, zvino mune iyi imwe nzira, nzira iri nyore yekubvisa inoshandiswa - yangu. Izvo zvakanyanya kuoma uye zvine ngozi, asi, sekutonga, yakanyanya kukunda-kuhwina. Iyi ndiyo nzira inoshandiswa nenyika dzese dzinogadzira madhaimani.

Nhanho inotevera, isinganyanyi kukosha mukuchera ndeyekutorwa kwegemu kubva kune ore. Kuti uite izvi, nzira dzakasiyana dzinogona kushandiswa:

1. Kuiswa kwemafuta. Dombo rakagadzirwa rinoradzikwa patafura yakafukidzwa nemafuta, ine rukova rwemvura. Madhaimani anonamira pachigadziko chemafuta, uye mvura inopeperetsa marara.
2. X-ray. Iyi inzira yemanyorero yekuona mineral. Sezvo ichipenya mu x-rays, inowanikwa uye yakarongedzwa nemaoko kubva kurudzi.
3. High density suspension. Dombo rose rakagadzirwa rakanyoroveswa mune yakakosha mhinduro. Dombo remarara rinoenda pasi, uye makristasi edhaimani anoyangarara pamusoro.

Kune zvakare nzira iri nyore yekubvisa madhaimondi, ayo anogona kuvonekwa mune akawanda maficha mafirimu mumhando yekushanya - kubva kune placers. Kana iyo kimberlite pombi inoparadzwa nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana, semuenzaniso, chimvuramabwe, mvura, dutu, ipapo matombo anokosha, pamwe nejecha nemarara, enda kutsoka. Tinogona kutaura kuti munyaya iyi vanongozvambarara pamusoro penyika. Muchiitiko ichi, kusefa nyore kwematombo kunoshandiswa kuona mineral. Asi mamiriro akadai, ayo atinowanzoona paTV skrini, haawanzo. Muzviitiko zvizhinji, kucherwa kwemadhaimani kuchiri kuitwa pamaindasitiri, zvakakomba.