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Zvinhu uye zvakanakira hematite

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Yakanyanya kuwanikwa paPasi, hematite inowanikwawo mukuwanda paMars. Muchimiro chehupfu dzvuku, inopenya pasi rose. Kune matunhu eMars akafukidzwa nehematites muchimiro chesimbi yakakura grey crystals, uye masayendisiti ari kushamisika, nekuti kazhinji kazhinji, iyi ndiyo mineralogical chikamu chinoda kuratidzwa kumvura panguva yekuumbwa kwayo. Zvino chimiro chekare chehupenyu, chirimwa, mhuka kana chimwe chinhu chinogoneka ...

Hematite, zvichida inoratidza hupenyu paMars, yakaperekedza kufambira mberi kwevanhu vepasi kubva panguva dzekare dzekare. Kuodza mwoyo munzira dzakawanda," regai ndiite chimwe chinhu inogona kunge ine makwande kana kuti yakapfava, yakagomara kana kupenya. Mavara aro anotinyengedzawo semoto uri pasi pedota, tsvuku inowanzovanzwa kuseri kwegrey nedema.

Zvishongo uye zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nehematite

Mineralogical maitiro e hematite

Hematite, iyo inoumbwa neokisijeni nesimbi, iokisijeni. Nokudaro, inogara pamwe chete nemarubhi ane mbiri uye nesafiro, asi haina mavambo akafanana kana kuwanda kwakafanana. Isimbi inonyanyozivikanwa. Inobva mumatombo e sedimentary, mune metamorphic rocks (chimiro chayo chakashanduka nekuwedzera kwekushisa kana kukwira kwepamusoro), munzvimbo dze hydrothermal, kana mu fumaroles yekuputika kwemakomo. Iyo iron yemukati mairi yakaderera pane iyo magnetite, inogona kusvika 70%.

Kuoma kwehematite ivhareji (kubva pa5 kusvika pa6 pachiyero chegumi-point). Iyo haigoneki uye inodzivirira zvakakwana kune acids. Kubva pakusviba kusvika pakupenya kwesimbi, ine chitarisiko chisina kujeka uye kazhinji grey, dema, kana brown hues, dzimwe nguva ichiperekedzwa nemavara matsvuku. Iyo yakanakisa mhando dzezviyo, iyo yakawanda tsvuku iripo.

Ichi chimiro chinoratidzwa kana uchitarisa mutsara wehematite, ndiko kuti, tsvakiridzo yakasara mushure mekukweshana pane mbishi porcelain (kuseri kwe tile). Pasinei nemuvara, hematite inogara ichisiya cherry tsvuku kana tsvuku tsvuku. Ichi chiratidzo chaicho chinomuzivisa zvine chokwadi.

Hematite, kusiyana neakakodzera kunzi magnetite, haisi magineti, asi inogona kuita isina simba magineti kana ichipisa. Matombo akadanwa zvisirizvo kuti "magnetic hematites" anonyatso "hematines" anowanikwa kubva mukuumbwa kwakazara.

apparence

Kuonekwa kwehematite kunosiyana zvikuru zvichienderana nezvinhu zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwayo, kwairi, uye tembiricha iripo panguva yekusikwa kwayo. Isu tinocherekedza mahwendefa akaonda kana akakora, granular masasi, makoramu, mapfupi makristasi, nezvimwe. Mamwe mafomu akakosha zvekuti ane mazita awo:

  • Rosa de Fer: rosette-shaped micaceous hematite, inoshamisa uye isingawanzo scaly aggregate.
  • Specularity: girazi-kunge hematite, kupenya kwayo kwakanyanya lenticular kunoratidza chiedza.
  • L'oligist: makristasi akagadzirwa zvakanaka, ekushongedza zvicherwa zvemhando yepamusoro.
  • Red ocher: clayey uye chimiro chevhu muchimiro chezviyo zvidiki uye zvinyoro, zvakashandiswa se pigment kubva prehistoric nguva.

Inclusions yehematite mune mamwe matombo akadai se rutile, jasper kana quartz inopa chiitiko chinoshamisa uye inonyanya kutsvakwa. Isu tinoziva zvakare heliolite yakanaka, inonzi sunstone, iyo inopenya nekuda kwekuvapo kwehematite flakes.

Provenance

Iyo yakakura uye inoshamisa kwazvo hematite makristasi akacherwa muBrazil. Vashandi vepamigodhi vakawana musanganiswa usingawanzoitika weblack hematite uye yero rutile muItabira, Minas Gerais. Kune zvakare isingawanzo itabirite, iri mica schist umo mica flakes inotsiviwa nehematite.

Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinonyanya kugadzira kana dzinozivikanwa dzinosanganisira: North America (Michigan, Minnesota, Lake Superior), Venezuela, South Africa, Liberia, Australia, New Zealand, China, Bangladesh, India, Russia, Ukraine, Sweden, Italy (Elba Island), Switzerland (St. Gotthard), France ( Puis de la Tache, Auvergne Framont-Grandfontaine, Vosges. Bourg-d'Oisans, Alps).

Etymology uye zvinoreva zita rokuti "hematite".

Zita rayo rinobva muchiLatin hematites pachayo inobva muchiGiriki. Pancreas (akaimba). Iri zita, chokwadi, chirevo chemavara matsvuku ehupfu hwayo, iyo inopenya mvura uye inoita kuti iite seropa. Nekuda kwehunhu uhu, hematite inojoinha mhuri huru yemashoko akadai se: hematoma, hemophilia, hemorrhage uye imwe hemoglobin…

MuchiFrench dzimwe nguva inonzi zviri nyore dombo reropa. MuchiGerman, hematite inonziwo bloodstein. Chirungu chakaenzana heliotrope reserved forheliotrope, tinoiwana pasi peshoko hematite munyika dzinotaura Chirungu.

The lapidaries yeMiddle Ages vaimudana ".hematite"kana dzimwe nguva"waida heresaka kuvhiringidzika neamethyst kunogoneka. Gare gare yakanzi hematite dombo.

Bhati oligarch, inowanzo chengeterwa hematite mumakristasi makuru, yaiwanzo shandiswa muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX kureva hematite zvakazara. René-Just Gahuy, ane mukurumbira mineralogist, akazvipa zita iri, rakabva muchiGiriki. oligist, zvinoreva kuti " zvishoma-shoma ". Iyi ratidziro yehuwandu hwezvikamu zvekristaro kana simbi yayo? Maonero akapatsanurwa.

Hematite munhoroondo

In prehistory

Vatambi vekutanga ndiHomo sapiens, uye pendi dzekutanga dzine ocher. Kare nguva iyi isati yasvika, hematite muchimiro chered ocher zvechokwadi yakashandiswa kushongedza muviri. Chido chekukwevera pane imwe svikiro kunze kwako kana hama yako yakasimuka nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi: kupwanya matombo nekunyungudika mumvura kana mafuta.

Bison uye reindeer muChauvet Cave (anenge makore 30.000) uye Lascaux Cave (anenge makore 20.000) anodhirowa uye akapendwa mutsvuku ocher. Inokohwewa kana kuwanikwa nekupisa goethite, iyo yakawanda yakawanda yero ocher. Migodhi yekutanga yehematite yakashandiswa gare gare, makore anenge 10.000 apfuura.

MuPersia, Babironi neEgypt magariro

Magariro ePezhiya neBabironi aishandisa grey hematite uye pamwe aiti ane masimba emashiripiti kwairi. nekuda kweichi cylinders-mascots anowanzo gadzirwa. Kunyanya, masilinda madiki anodzokera ku4.000 BC akawanikwa. Iwo akanyorwa nezviratidzo zvecuneiform, anobayiwa pamwe chete neaxis yekupfeka pamutsipa.

VaEgipita vakanyora kuveza hematite ndokuiona sedombo rinokosha., makristasi akanaka kwazvo anocherwa pamahombekombe eNairi uye mumigodhi yeNubia. Vakadzi vakapfuma veEgipita vanoveza magirazi kubva kuhematite inopenya zvikuru uye vanopenda miromo yavo neocher tsvuku. Hematite poda inodzivirirawo zvinowanzoitika zvisingadiwi: zvirwere, vavengi nemweya yakaipa. Takapararira kwose kwose, zviri nani pamberi pemasuo.

Diluted hematite idonho rakanaka reziso. Mufananidzo uri paguva paDeir el-Medina muThebes unoratidza nzvimbo yokuvakwa kwetemberi. Tinoona mushandi akakuvara ziso achirapwa nachiremba nemaflask nemidziyo yake. Achishandisa pendi, musayendisiti anoisa ziso dzvuku rehematite muziso remurwere.

MuchiGiriki neRoma yekare

VaGiriki nevaRoma vanofananidzira kunaka kwakafanana kune hematite, sezvavanoishandisa mufomu yakapwanyika "kunyaradza kuputika kwemaziso." Ichi chivakwa chinodzokororwa, chinonzi hematite makare-kare, chinogona kuteverwa kumashure kune ngano yedombo rinoyevedza rinonzi. lapis uchi (Medes ibwe). VaMedhia, budiriro yekare yaiva pedyo nevaPersia, vanofanira kuva vaiva nenenji inoshamisa ye<em>hematite yakasvibirira uye nhema inokwanisa kudzorera kuona kumapofu uye kurapa gout nokuinyika mumukaka wemakwai.

Pulverized hematite inoporesawo kupisa, chirwere chechiropa, uye inoita seinobatsira kune vakakuvara vanobuda ropa munhandare yehondo. Inoshandiswa mukati muchimiro chevhiniga yehemoptysis, spleen zvirwere, gynecological kubuda ropa, uye kurwisana nehupfu uye nyoka.

Hematite yaizounzawo zvimwe zvikomborero zvisingatarisirwi. Yakavhura misungo yevatorwa pachine nguva, yakapindira zvakanaka muzvikumbiro zvakataurirwa kumachinda, uye yakavimbisa mhedzisiro yakanaka mumatare uye mumatare.

Red ocher pigment mavara maGreek temberi uye yakanakisa pendi. VaRoma vaiidana kuti rubriki (pakati peFrance yainziwo rubriki kwenguva refu kwazvo). Theophrastus, mudzidzi waAristotle, anotsanangura hematite " kusimba uye kwakaoma kusimba, iyo, kutonga nezita, ine ropa rakasvibiswa. ", chisarai Virgil naPliny vanopemberera kunaka uye kuwanda kwehematites kubva kuEthiopiya uye chitsuwa cheElba.

MuMiddle Ages

MuMiddle Ages, hematite yeupfu yaiwanzoshandiswa mukuumbwa kwemhando yakakosha yepende - grisaille. Mahwindo egirazi ane mavara, hunyanzvi hwemakereke edu echiGothic nemachechi, anogadzirwa neiyi pendi yegirazi. Kukura kwayo kwakajeka uye kwakaoma, asi kutaura zviri nyore, musanganiswa weupfu pigment uye fusible girazi, zvakare muupfu, yakasungwa nemvura (waini, vhiniga, kana kunyange weti).

Kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mashopu anga achigadzira ruvara rwegirazi rutsva, ruchingobva pahematite, sanguine "Jean Cousin", iyo inoshandiswa kupenda zviso zvemavara. Gare gare, makrayoni nemapenzura akagadzirwa kubva mairi, ayo aive akakurumbira zvikuru panguva yeRenaissance. Leonardo da Vinci akazvishandisa pabasa rake rekugadzirira, uye kunyange nhasi, choko tsvuku inoremekedzwa zvikuru nokuda kwekupa kwakanaka kwezvinyorwa uye mhepo inodziya inobva mazviri. Iyo yakaoma yakasiyana-siyana yehematite inoshandiswa mukupenya kwesimbi, inonzi "Polishing stone".

Jean de Mandeville, munyori wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX lapidary workshop, anotiudza nezve humwe hunhu hwehematite. Pane kuenderera mberi nezviratidzo zve hematite muAntiquity:

« Sub-dzvuku dombo resimbi ruvara rine musanganiswa weropa mitsetse. We esmoult les cuteaulx (kurodza banga), tinogadzira doro rakanaka kwazvo reesclarsir la veüe (vision). Upfu hwedombo iri nemvura yebeüe (yebhuruu) hunorapa vaya vanorutsa ropa nemukanwa. Inoshanda pakurwisa gout, inoita kuti vakadzi vakafuta vatakure vana vavo kusvika pazera, inorapa kubuda ropa, inodzora kubuda kwemukadzi (kubuda ropa kumwedzi), inoshanda pakurumwa nenyoka, uye kana yakadhakwa inobudirira pamatombo edundira. »

Mazuva ano

Muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, Duke de Chaulnes, nyanzvi yezvemusikirwo uye chemist, akatiudza kuti hematite yakashandiswa mukuumbwa kwe "Martian liqueur aperitif". Panewo hematite "styptic doro" (astringent), "magisterium" (mineral potion), hematite mafuta uye mapiritsi!

Mazano ekupedzisira ekukohwa mabhenefiti ayo ndeeku "batidza zvishoma, mabubble mashoma, kwete zvakare. Inobva yagezwa kakawanda, kunyangwe isati yambodzingwa, nekuti pane musiyano musimba uye kunaka pakati peyakagezwa neyakasapiswa hematite.

Zvakanakira uye zvivakwa zvehematite mu lithotherapy

Hematite, dombo reropa, haritore zita raro. Iron oxide, iyo iri chikamu chayo, inotendererawo muropa redu uye inopenda hupenyu hwedu mutsvuku. Kushaikwa kwesimbi kunokonzera anemia uye kunounza kuneta, kupenya, kupera simba. Hematite inofuratira zvikanganiso izvi, ine dynamism, toni uye simba rakachengetwa. Inopa mhinduro kuzvirwere zvese zveropa uye inopa humwe hunyanzvi hunyanzvi mune yelithotherapy.

Mabhenefiti eHematite kune Zvirwere Zvemuviri

Hematite inoshandiswa mu lithotherapy nekuda kwekudzorera kwayo, tonic uye yekuchenesa zvivakwa. Inokurudzirwa kunyanya kurapwa mamiriro ane chekuita neropa, kuporeswa kwemaronda, kuvandudzwa kwesero uye kupora kwacho.

  • Inorwisa kukanganiswa kweropa: varicose veins, hemorrhoids, chirwere chaRaynaud
  • Inobvisa migraine uye mamwe misoro
  • Inogadzirisa BP
  • Inokurudzira kubatwa kwesimbi (anemia)
  • inonatsa ropa
  • Inobvisa huturu pachiropa
  • Inomutsa kushanda kweitsvo
  • Hemostatic effect (kutevera zvakanyanya, kubuda ropa)
  • Inokurudzira kupora kwemaronda uye kuvandudzwa kwesero
  • inogadzirisa hematomas
  • Inonyaradza zviratidzo zve spasmophilia (kugwinha, kusagadzikana)
  • Inonyaradza matambudziko eziso (kushatirwa, conjunctivitis)

Zvakanakira hematite ye psyche uye hukama

Dombo rekutsigira uye kuwirirana, hematite inoshandiswa mu lithotherapy nekuda kwemaitiro ayo akanaka pane psyche pamatanho akawanda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kutiAkabatana zvakanyanya neRose Quartz.

  • Inodzoreredza ushingi, simba uye tariro
  • Inosimudzira kuziva iwe pachako uye nevamwe
  • Simbisa chivimbo
  • Kunowedzera kuzvivimba uye simba
  • Deredza kunyara kwevakadzi
  • Inowedzera kuisa pfungwa uye ndangariro
  • Inobatsira kudzidza kwehunyanzvi zvidzidzo uye masvomhu
  • Inobatsira kukunda kupindwa muropa uye kumanikidzwa (kuputa, doro, bulimia, nezvimwewo)
  • Inoderedza hunhu hwehudzvanyiriri uye hwehasha
  • Inonyaradza kutya uye inosimudzira kurara kwakadzikama

Hematite inowiriranisa chakras yese, ndizvo kunyanya yakabatana neinotevera chakras: 1st chakra rasina (muladhara chakra), 2nd sacred chakra (svadisthana chakra) uye 4th chakra moyo (anahata chakra).

Kuchenesa uye recharging

Hematite inonatswa nekuinyudza mugirazi kana mudziyo wevhu wakazadzwa nawomvura yakadirwa kana kuti ine munyu zvishoma. Ari kurodha chete zuva kana pasumbu requartz kana mukati amethyst geode.