Amber - ziso reyero retiger

Zvichida, vanhu vose vanoziva amber. Iyo inoshandiswa kwete chete muzvishongo uye haberdashery, asiwo mumishonga, indasitiri uye huni. Uye zvakare, amber inozivikanwa zvakare munzvimbo dzisina kujairika - lithotherapy uye mashiripiti. Kutenda kusimba rayo rechisikigo, rinobatsira kubata nezvimwe zvirwere uye kupesvedzera hupenyu hwemuridzi wayo, achiitungamira munzira yakanaka. Asi zvinhu zvekutanga kutanga.

tsananguro

Kusiyana nekutenda kwakakurumbira, amber haisi mineral uye haigadziri makristasi. Muchokwadi, iri petrified resin, muto wakakora wakasiyana nekuchekwa mumiti yekare yeconiferous.

Kutanga

Munguva yeAntiquity, masayendisiti mazhinji aingofunga kuti kwakabva ibwe iri rakabatana neresin. Aristotle, Theofast, Pliny Mukuru vakataura pamusoro peizvi.

Nechekare muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, izvi zvakaratidzwa neSweden naturalist uye chiremba Carl Linnaeus uye musayendisiti weRussia wesayenzi Mikhail Lomonosov. Ndivo vakasimbisa kuti amber ndiyo resin yemiti yekare yeconiferous.

Muna 1807, nyanzvi yemakemikari yeRussia, mineralogist, geologist, academician yeImperial Academy yeScience Vasily Severegin akapa zviri pamutemo tsananguro yesayenzi, mavambo uye kuiswa kweamber.

Etymology

Zita redombo rine zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza.

Semuenzaniso, "zita" rechiFrench reamber - ambre - rinobva kuArabic ʿanbar. Boka revanhu veboka reSemitic ethno-linguistic vanogara mumatunhu eMiddle East neNorth Africa vainzwa zvakanyanya nebwe: vaidavira kuti yaiva dova rakanga rawa kubva kudenga uye rakaoma.

MaGermany anodana amber Bernstein, zvinoreva kuti "dombo rinopfuta". Izvi zvine musoro - zvinhu zvinopisa nekukurumidza uye zvinogadzira murazvo wakanaka, uchiburitsa kunhuhwirira kwakanaka. Iri zita rakapararirawo kunharaunda yedzimwe nyika, dzakadai seBelarus neUkraine. Ikoko ibwe rakagamuchira "zita" burshtyn.

MaGiriki ekare aifarira dombo nekuda kwekugona kwayo kuisa magetsi. Maumbirwo acho vakadaidza kuti electron. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti iro izwi rekuti "magetsi" rinobva pazita iri - ἤλεκτρον. Nenzira, muRussia yekare, amber yaiva nezita rakafanana, asi zviperengo zvakasiyana zvishoma - yemagetsi kana erekitironi. 

Zvisinei, shoko chairo rokuti "amber" zvichida rakakweretwa kubva kuLithuanians - gintaras.

Zvinhu Zvikuru

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, amber haisi mineral, haina kuumba makristasi. Panguva imwecheteyo, ine hunhu hwakanaka hunoita kuti iwe ugadzire zvishongo zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinhu zvekushongedza, mabhatani, mabhesi, uye nezvimwe nazvo.

• shades - kubva kune yero yero kusvika kune brownish; tsvuku, dzimwe nguva isina ruvara, mukaka chena, ine girini yakapfachukira;
• gloss - resinous;
• kuoma kwakaderera - 2-2,5;
• electrified by friction;
• inopisa nekukurumidza;
• painopindirana neokisijeni, yakasvibiswa, iyo inobatsira kuchinja kwete mumumvuri chete, asiwo mukuumbwa.

Mhando

Amber ine marudzi akawanda. Kutanga, yakakamurwa kuita fossil uye semi-fossil. Zvinhu zvezvipenyu izvi zvinotariswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro uye nguva yekuitika kwavo.

Chechipiri, mucherechedzo wakakosha wekusiyanisa nhamba ye fragility. Inoverengerwa nechishandiso chakakosha - microhardness mita, inoverengerwa mumagiramu, uye inosiyana kubva kune yakatarwa parameter.

Chechitatu, amber inogona zvakare kuve nekujeka kwakasiyana, iyo inosanganiswa nekusaenzana kuunganidzwa kwevoids mumuviri wayo. Pachikonzero ichi, ibwe richanzi zvakasiyana:

• pachena - kusavapo kwevoids, iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yebwe;
• cloudy - translucent;
• bastard - opaque;
• pfupa - opaque, chiyeuchidzo chenyanga dzenzou muvara;
• furo - opaque, mumvuri - kuvira chena.

Amber inosiyaniswawo nemuvara wayo. Zvinoshamisa kuti ibwe rinogona kuvezwa mune zvachose chero mumvuri kubva kune spectrum. Izvo zvose zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu, pamwe nekuvapo kwekusvibiswa kwakasiyana-siyana mu resin. Semuenzaniso, algae anogona kuita ruvara rwegirinhi, mamwe maminerari anoperekedza "inopa" sheen yesirivha, uye jecha rinosvibisa dombo zvishoma uye rinopa amber sheen yakatsvuka.

Nzvimbo yekuzvarirwa

Muchokwadi, amber deposits inogona kukamurwa mumapoka: nhoroondo uye yemazuva ano.

nhoroondo

Pakutanga, resin yakaoma yemiti yeconiferous yakawanikwa paJutland peninsula (yazvino Denmark), asi mari yacho yakakurumidza kupera. Ipapo vatengesi vakatanga kutendeukira kuAmber Coast - zita rechinyakare rekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGungwa reBaltic, riri kumadokero kumucheto weKaliningrad mudunhu reRussia.

Munyika

Kune matunhu maviri makuru ane amber epasi rose:

• Eurasia, kusanganisira Ukraine, Russia, Italy, Myanmar, Indonesia, chitsuwa cheSri Lanka;
• American - Dominican Republic, Mexico, North America, Greenland.

ehupfumi

Amber ibwe rinokosha uye zvarinoita pamuviri wemunhu zvakasimbiswa nesayenzi.

zvemashiripiti

Amber chiratidzo cherombo rakanaka uye hupenyu hurefu. Zvinhu zvaro zvemashiripiti zvakasiyana-siyana. Saka, dzinosanganisira:

• inodzivirira muridzi kubva kumatambudziko, njodzi, chero huroyi (ziso rakaipa, kukanganisa, rudo rutsinga, kutuka);
• inoburitsa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira, inozadza nekurudziro uye chido chekugadzira;
• inowedzera intuition uye kunzwisisa;
• inokubatsira kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako;
• kunounza rombo rakanaka, rombo rakanaka, mufaro, tariro;
• inobata zvakanaka vakadzi vane pamuviri, inobatsira pakuberekwa;
• anovhundutsa mweya yakaipa;
• inodzivirira vakaroorana paguhwa, godo, kutengesa, kusanzwisisana.

Therapeutic

Pane ngano chete pamusoro pekuporesa kweamber. Zvinotoshamisa ndezvokuti izvi zvagara zvichiratidzwa nesainzi uye zvinobudirira kushandiswa nevasiri vetsika mishonga nyanzvi - lithotherapists.

Zvinotendwa kuti hapana zvirwere zvakadaro izvo amber yaisagona kubvisa, uye chirevo ichi chakakosha nhasi. Saka, kuporesa kwayo kunosanganisira:

• inobvisa musoro uye zino;
• inobata zvakanaka basa remoyo nemidziyo yeropa;
• inobatsira nezvirwere zvakabatana, varicose veins;
• inomisa nzira yehemolysis;
• inovandudza metabolism, digestive system;
• inobata zvakanaka hurongwa hwetsinga, itsvo, ura;
• inobvisa kushushikana uye inonyorovesa mhedzisiro yayo;
• inodzivirira kutonhora, furu;
• kuporesa maronda uye kudzorerazve simba;
• inozadza masero neokisijeni;
• inoderedza kukwegura kweganda;
• muvana - inofambisa nzira yekucheka, inovandudza hutano.

Chinhu chikuru chinoshandiswa is succinic acid, iyo inozivikanwa nokuda kwekubatsira kwayo.

Kushanda

Nzvimbo dzekushandiswa kweamber dzakasiyana kwazvo:

• Jewelry industry. Kugadzira zvishongo zvakasiyana-siyana: mabhesi, mhete, mhete, mabrooches, pendants, zvishongo uye zvimwe zvakawanda. Dzimwe nguva zvipembenene, minhenga inosanganisirwa mubwe, mabhuru anogadzirwa mukati - zvigadzirwa zvakadaro zvinotaridzika chaizvo zvepakutanga uye zvinoyevedza.
• Haberdashery - mabhatani, mizinga, hairpins, upfu mabhokisi, inoisa pamabhandi, wallet, mabhegi, masutukesi.
• Mushonga. Kugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekurapa, zviridzwa. Yakakurumbira kushandiswa mu cosmetology.
• Wood processing. Amber-based lacquer yakashandiswa sehuni kupera. Vakanga "vakachengetedzwa" nzvimbo dzezvikepe, fenicha, zviridzwa zvemimhanzi.
• Agriculture. Muchiitiko ichi, succinic acid inoshandiswa. Inoiswa pambeu kuti ivandudze goho uye kumera sebiogenic stimulant.
• Zvipfuyo nehuku - muchimiro chekuwedzera kwekudya.
• Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemumba - midziyo, zvigadziko zvemwenje, ndiro, chess, makaseti, zvidhori, wachi, magirazi. Mifananidzo uye zvidhori zvakare zvakarukwa kubva padombo.

Ndiani anokodzera chiratidzo chezodhiac

Maererano nevazivi venyeredzi, amber yakanaka kune zviratidzo zveMoto - Leo, Sagittarius, Aries. Hazvikurudzirwi kupfeka zvigadzirwa nebwe chete kuTaurus.

Zvinotendwa zvakare kuti maamulets emunhu uye talismans ane yekuisirwa resin yakaoma haifanirwe kupihwa kune vausingazive kuitira kuti chigadzirwa chisarase simba racho.